family records, etc.

Sarah Bovard

2007-11-09T12:04:00.000-08:00

Sarah

Bovard

bovard family

2007-11-09T11:16:00.000-08:00

The diary, though, gives the date as Aug. 31, 1861. Sarah said she had 11 pictures on one plate, obviously meaning 11 people had squeezed into one photo on a glass plate.

bovard diary (contact jphil36@yahoo.com)

2007-10-30T19:17:00.000-07:00

ABOUT THE DIARY OP SARAH (YOUNG) BOVARD

Sarah Bovard, who lived on the frontier in Indiana, wrote this diary. She was born Feb. 21, 1828 in Indiana. On Feb. 28, 1844 she married James Bovard. One of her sons is remembered as the "founding president" of the University of Southern California and a second also was USC president. A third was president of another college.

Sarah mentioned in her diary that she was "black." This confuses many readers. She meant she favored the Black Republican wing of that party.

James Bovard had been born in 1823 in Ohio. His photo is at right.

Sarah and James had:
Oliver William in 1845. (died young)
Marion in 1847.
Maria J. in 1849.
Freeman in 1851.
Mellville in 1852.
Abner ("Abby" or "Aby") in 1854.
George in 1856.
James in 1858.
Charles Lincoln in 1860
Morton Ellsworth in 1862
Ulysses Grant in 1866

(See more detailed data at the bottom of this blog.)

Some other people mentioned in the diary:

"Mother"; Jane (Waldsmith) Young was born in Ohio in 1806.

"Paps"; Abner Young was born in Maine in 1799.

Christian "Chris" Young; he was born in 1825 in Ohio and was Sarah’s brother. He married
Maria Byfield. She'd been born about 1828 in Indiana

Margy was Sarah's sister Margaret, born in 1836. She married John Peacock.

Deborah was Sarah's sister. She was born in 1838 and married Dexter McClure.

Catherine was Sarah's sister. She was born in 1832 and married Isaac Sampson.

"Ethe"; she was Sarah’s sister Ethelina. She was born in 1842 and married Frank Peacock.

Emeline Phillips was born a Courtney/Coatney in 1825. Her husband was John Thomas Phillips. The various Phillips families were neighbors to the Bovards but generally not related.

Hannah Janes Phillips was born a Foster and was related to Sarah. The Catherine Foster who dies in the diary was her mother. Hannah Jane's husband was Newton Phillips, a cousin of John Thomas Phillips.

According to undocumented info circulating on the Internet, Phillip Switzer Petro married Nancy Bovard on July 23, 1857 in Bartholomew Co. Ind. According to that data, she lived April 12, 1838 until Aug. 24, 1864. She was James Bovard's sister.

(Note that the text below carries notations such as "End of page 6." These refer to the pages in the long-circulated typed transcription. In 2007, when copies of two of the actual diary pages surfaced, it became obvious that the transcription had omitted some of Sarah's notations. Those omitted notations--there were about half a dozen--have been inserted below and indexed appropriately.)

THE DIARY

SATURDAY, JANUARY 1, 1859
John give me a turkey for dinner pap and Mother Catherine John George and K eat dinner with us a beautiful pleasant day received a letter from [the?] Palmers

SUNDAY, JANUARY 2, 1859
Quite pleasant. James went to see William Foster. Marion and Maria Jane went to meeting James went to meeting all this afternoon I am quite lonesome, getting tired staying home alone

MONDAY, JANUARY 3, 1859
Still pleasant, sun shines--beautiful day. I sit by the fire knitting and rocking the cradle, thinking of many things and wonder if I will be here this time next year or not.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 4, 1859
Another beautiful morning. Caravosso quit sick the rest are tolerby well. My teeth aching now and I wrote a letter to cousins Semantha and Milton Roseberry. James is building him a grainery the children is at school.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5, 1859
Cold and cloudy, looks like for snow. The babys throat is bad, swelled, and quite sick, James has gone to Mr. Hoards to stable raising. Catherine comes in the evening. Mother comes out to see the baby and George, found them some better. At night, James went to a debate, come home with new ideas.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 1859
Up late, the rain falling fast. The children off to school. I £ind myself still at. the knitting and rocking and nursing. No time for play. James is cutting out his harness while it rains, George Finley and James Carvossa is better. Here comes the children from school. Wesley Spear is with them. Supper over now, then they have fun. Now we have prayers and all to bed.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 7, 1859
Turning quite cold, my tooth aches very bad, we are all tolerable well this morning. Trying to get some work done, but cannot. The children home allmost [sic] froze very cold and getting colder we suffer cold tonight don't sleep much my bones ache with cold. I wish I had a warm house and room to work in.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1859
Clear and cold. Not very well. We are trying to get warm. Marion and K. goes to John Peacocks to stay all night. I do not get much work done--the baby cries so much. I finished my new stockings. Not quite so cold. Say our prayers and go to bed.

SUNDAY, JANUARY 9, 1859
Up late this morning, the old clock wont go. Some snow, looks like for more. James goes to meeting. I stay at home at my old post rocking the cradle. Mother has gone to see Ira Day’s wife who is very sick. Marion has come home. James gone back to meeting. I am still at home, don’t got to meetings once in six months on an average. Freeman's birthday.

MONDAY, JANUARY 10, 1859
Cool pleasant sunshine. I went to see William Foster found him verry sick looks verry pale. Come home got dinner and knit the rest of the day. Their [sic] is some snow on the ground begins to look like thawing out. The baby verry [cross?]. George is better the rest of us is well.

TUESDAY JANUARY 11, 1859
Some clouds, looks like for snow. James goes to Mr. Morrisons for corn. I wash hard all day. Am quite tired in the evening. Carvossa is very sick with swelled throat, set up till bed time, and rocked the baby.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1859
Quite cloudy. Looks like for snow or rain in the morning in the afternoon clear. James is gone to Paris. I went to mothers. John Peacock was their [sic] for his new stove. We all eat dinner on chicken then I come home done the evenings work. James go to the debate.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 13, 1859
This morning is raining. Isaac comes for James to haul his corn from Mr. Jones--gets home at three oclock and still raining. I sew all day at James fine shirt, have the toothache, felt bad all day, quite ill natured.

End of page 1

FRIDAY JANUARY 14, 1859
Very cloudy and still raining. James goes to mill, stays all day to get his grinding. Comes home late in the evening. William Foster is worse--not expected to live until morning. The wind commences to blow in the evening--getting quite cold. We are all tolerable well. I set up quite late to sew. James is in bed.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 15, l859
Quite cool this morning. James goes to see William Foster. Finds him very sick, thinks he wont live long. Comes home--does up his work and goes back and stays all night with him. He does not talk much but says he is willing to die. He suffers a great deal. The ground freezing.

SUNDAY, JANUARY 16, 1859
A beautiful day and cold. James comes home--says William Foster is dying. I go to see him, find him dying. The house crowded. I stay till one o’clock and he died at two o’clock--after I left. Quite cloudy--looks like for snow. We are all well as usual.

MONDAY, JANUARY 17, l859
Cold and cloudy. We go to the burying and leave the children at home. I did not go to the grave but hurried home, all most tired down and get supper aginst James and Marion gets home. Poor cousin William done with the troubles of this world.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 18, 1859
Not raining cold clear Sun Shine. James hauls foder I am sewing Maria Jane goes to William’s to stay all night, and gets dog bit. Catherine goes by to mother’s to celebrate her birthday. Her and mother comes to stay till bed time with me. James has gone to the Chapel meeting. The moon shines bright. We smell coal burning.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1859
Clear and not verry cold. Sunshine. James is gon[e] to work for Cris to day. I am busy sewing. Maria Jane comes home. Charls, Harriet [and] Eliza Rosebery comes to mothers to day. They bring the word that cousin Semantha is ded. She died cristmas [sic] day. I went to mothers to see them. They all go to meeting at night. They are coming to see me to morrow. James stays late to the debate tonight. We are all well.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, l859
Here they come and not all the morning work done. Looks quite much like for rain. Elizabeth Redman comes and Catherine, and mother, Harriet and Eliza Roseberry are here. Here comes Miller Morrison for a coat pattern. Now it rains some. Dinner over with, we had biled beef and turnips. The girls now goes to Aunt Caty Fosters. Maria Jane goes with them. James goes to Jonathan Everharts for my shoes, but does not get them.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 21, l859
Still cloudy, not very cold. Have a notion to wash, but didn’t. The baby is so cross and broke out with the chicken pox. Some cooler this evening. James is gone to the meeting to the Chapel. I sewed and knit some today--do not feel very well. I am writing by candle light tonight. Some of the children are in bed, but the baby is crying no more.

End of page 2

SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, l859
This morning clear and very cold. I am mending clothes and knitting and rocking and trying to keep warm. James is hauling wood. Marion has gone to the post office. We are all well as common and feel very thankful for the blessings we receive, and love God with all our hearts.

SUNDAY, JANUARY 23, l859
Very cold--the sky looks like bright diamonds. I go to the Chapel to meetings. James goes with me to the foot log then I go alone the rest of the way. (Five or six miles) Get there in time for preaching, hear a good sermon from Bro. Miller. Felt paid for my walk. The text was "Whosoever cometh unto me I will in no wise cast out."

MONDAY JANUARY 24, 1859
Not quit [sic] so cold looks some like for snow. I wash hard all day have beef and turnips for dinner. Mother goes by going to Catherines with her butter in the evening. James and Marion goes to meeting to the chapple [sic]. I sit up late and sew the vest in bed.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, l859
Very cloudy--the ground froze hard. I start for Ira Day’s to see his sick wife. I undertake to walk but James feels sorry for me--comes after me with the wagon, then I take a rough ride over the frozen ground. We find Mr. Day washing and Mrs. Day very sick. She wont live long. I comforted her all that I could.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 26, l859
Beautiful day. Looks like summer. I go to see Sister Catherine Sampson. Have quite a pleasant visit. She baked black berry pies. We had a good dinner. The dog run the sheep. James come and helped me home. I gave him his supper and a KISS--then he went to meeting again to the chapel. I was quite lonesome at home.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, l859
Very disagreeable, raining hard and quite muddy. I do not work much--it is so dark. James take the hide off the old cow. Isaac comes to grind the axe. I get dinner and bake some vinegar pies for variety. The children are gone to school. Mother has been gone a few days to see some of her girls. We are all well as common.

FRIDAY JANUARY 28, 1859
This is a beautifull morning. The rain has ceased. Looks like making sugar. We are well the children at school. James hunts his sheep then goes to mothers for milk. I get dinner then sew and knit untill evening then we took a viset [sic] over to Dr. David Thompsons to stay till bed time found them well. Had a pleasant viset. The Thompsons come home just at supper time.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, l859
Here is Saturday and we are here. Now we scrub and clean, bake loaves for the Sabbath. The Camelit meeting commences tonight. James and Marion have gone to meeting tonight. James went to Paris today, and bought him a coat. I received a letter from Nancy Petro. They are all well and I feel glad that we can say we are all well this evening. I have a tooth ache yet for company--sad company.

End of page 3

SUNDAY, JANUARY 30, 1859

Another beautiful Sabbath. Clear and cool. James and the baby and me goes to the reformers meeting at the school house. The house was crowded with hearers. We had some good singing, a sermon preached, part of it I liked very well. When he spoke of the death of our Savior and his sufferings, then the meeting was dismissed. We started for home. Stopped at Catherines. Stayed for dinner. We started for home. Mother stopped a few minutes to read the paper, then went home. James and Maria Jane have gone to meeting to night.

MONDAY JANUARY 31, l859
We are all well. I went to mother’s for a coat pattern, come home and cut Marion a coat and sewed some, then made preparations for going to meeting. I went and left the rest of my family at home. Heard a good sermon preached from "What shall we do to be saved." Part of which I liked and part I did not. The singing was very good, then I come home quite late. Found James nursing the baby by the fire.

FEBRUARY l859

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, l859
Not very cold, looks like for snow. Catherine comes to help me sew on Marions coat. The reformers have their meeting to night--at Mr. Redmans. Three joins are to be baptised tomorrow at the Mayfield Mill at three o’clock. James did not go to their meeting-he has such a cold and does not feel well. I read and knit some, then go to bed with the head ache.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, l859
I do not feel very well, my throat is sore--my neck and head aches. The clock strikes 10 and I am writing. The children are gone to school. James is hunting his sheep. The baby is asleep. The clouds are dark, now it rains. We feel thankful that we have a shelter from the storm and more thankful that God is our refuge and in time of trouble and shelter from all storms. James goes to the baptism, gets home late in the day. Baby is so sick--he does not go to the meeting. I wrote Nancy Petro a letter to-day.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1859
Cool and cloudy, looks like for snow. I sew all day, don’t feel very well. Aby is better, the rest of the family is well. James, Marion and K. goes to meeting to the school house. Three more joined, all to be emersed tomorrow. I cut Freeman a coat at night. Sewed some then cold and tired went to bed for that night.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1859
Snowing and blowing-very cold. I am thinking of going to the baptism but sewed all day and went to meeting at night. [End of page 4] James and Maria Jane went to baptism and Marion too. The evening was quite cool, there was quite a stir. Some seemed well pleased. Ten confessed the Savior then they are ready for emersion on the morrow at the mills.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5, l859
Cold--very cold. James and I goes to the reformers meeting at 11 o’clock then go with the company to the baptism, had a cold rough walk, got home late in the evening,-tired and hungry. Supper over--James and Marion goes to Gilead to the Methodist meeting. I set up late.

MONDAY FEBRUARY 7, 1859
Clear and cool. Commence washing. James cleans wheat. I hear of Elizabeth Watson’s baptism. She is sick. I quit washing and go to see her. Brother Miller baptized her. It was a solemn time to some. Then I come home, quite tired. Supper over then James, Marion and John went to meeting to Gilead to hear Brother Miller preach. I went to bed.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, l859
James starts for town. Sells his wheat to Mr. Landor [Landon?] then he comes home in the evening. The rain falling fast. I finished my washing that was commenced--then supper over. I knit some then, the baby is very cross. The children are noisy. Mother comes awhile in the morning. Says pap is sick. He looks feeble and he works too hard.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1859
Cool and cloudy, ground frozen. Mother comes and I go with her to see Elizabeth Watson. James goes to meeting-comes and helps me home in the evening, then goes back to meeting. I stay at home and bake blackberry pies. Marion is at Catherines. Maria J. has gone to the meeting to night. We are all in tolerable good health. We took dinner with sister Maria Young. They are all well. Christian was not at home. He was gone to Frankfort.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1859
James and I went to meeting to Gilead, cold and cloudy. We
took dinner at David Tompson’s, then went to night meeting.
Snowed some in the evening. Left the children at home.
We came home and found them all asleep and we was glad.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1859
Quite cool-still looks like snow. I try to clean the
house and bake some more blackberry pies. James hauls wood,
Marion, Maria J. and Freeman goes to meeting, then at night.
Mother and I goes to meeting. Come home quite late.
Tired--we are all.

End of page 5

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1859
A beautiful morning. The sun shines bright. It makes me feel happy to see and feel the Goodness of God to such ungrateful people as we are. His love warms my soul as the sun does the earth. James, Marion, and Maria Jane went to Gilead to meeting. I. stayed with the children.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1859
Warm and looks like for rain. James goes to Ira Day’s. Marion goes to help K. and George cut stocks. Commences raining. I sew some and knit and nurse the baby. We are tolerable well. James gets to Jonathan Everharts in the evening.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1859
Still warm and raining. We are all tolerable well. James makes halters. I patch and mend clothes and work at my carpet rags. Very cloudy.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1859
Very rainy. I make some hominy. James is right sick with bad cold. Still works at his bridles. I am patching and mending. We are thankful for the blessings we receive, this world has troubles.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1859
Still cloudy and rainy and warm. I wash all day--am quite tired this evening. Marion goes with George and K. to the school house to meeting. James is better. I knit some and dry and starch some clothes by the fire.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1859
A beautiful morning. I am 31 years old to day. We have roasted goose and blackberry pies for dinner. Mother is here. James cmes in time for dinner. Isaac raised his stable to day. The sun shines bright.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1859
Another beautiful morning. I go to mother's with the children to take dinner on goose. George's birthday. James stays at home and husks corn. We are all well. The sun shines bright. The Methodists and Reformers are holding meetings at Frankfort. John goes to Lexington. When anyone looks at my writing and it does not please them please pass it on with out remarks as I expect to tell the truth always and reader, you will find some course writing on this page for my pen is bad, the paper thin. When you find mistakes, please correct them if you can.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1859
A beautiful day. Mrs. Thompson comes and we had roasted chicken for dinner. James finishes hauling. I sewed some at night. We had a house full of little folks at night.

End of page 6

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, l859
Cloudy, looks like rain. James finishes cleaning his wheat
Our "Julia" mare is very sick, comes nigh dying. Mother
comes by. Mr. Everhart stops awhile. I sew and knit.some.

MARCH 1859

THURSDAY MARCH 3, l859
A curious smoky morning, the wind blows like blowing everything away. Mr. Wiggins comes and gets some wheat. James builds at our house. Mrs. T and M. comes. I go with them to mothers for onion sets. Cool.

FRIDAY MARCH 4, 1859
The wind still is blowing hard. We are all complaining of sore throat. Marion has the mumps. Mother goes to Christians and I work at my rags.. James builds at our house.

SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1859
What a beautiful spring time, the sun shines warm, the skies are clear as diamonds. I went to Mothers a few minutes, then come home and done a hard days work. The babe cries all the time, is quite sick..James hauls straw then goes to meeting at night.

SUNDAY, MARCH 6, 1859
A beautiful day. Mother, Margaret, John Peacock and James goes to meeting at the school house. The babe is too sick for me to go. Looks like for rain this evening. James goes to meeting at night.I stay at home with the children, tell them some interesting stories and read in the Pilgrim’s Progress.

MONDAY, MARCH 7, 1859
A nice spring morning. I go to work in the garden until noon. The two mrs. Sweets comes for meeting house money, they stay for dinner, then it commences to rain at noon. I go to meeting at night with mother and K. and heard a powerful sermon not to be forgotten soon.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1859
Another beautiful day. Mother and Maria Jane goes to meeting in the fore noon. James goes to mill in the afternoon. I go with him to see Mr. Isaac Mayfield emerced--quite a congregation assembled at his house, then marched down to the water with singing. Mr. Balser had the ministers coat on and the minister had Mr. Balser's coat on. All went off pleasantly. Mr. Redman looked through the fence. Betsy H. rode home behind old man Griffith. I sowed some lettuce.

End of page 7

THURSDAY, MARCH 10, 1859
A beautiful morning. I am crazy with the tooth ache. The reformers meeting is still on the move. Mother comes by, going to Williams, then to meeting at 2 o’clock. Grandmother Blaser joins to day-quite a rejoicing. Mother comes by in the evening. Begins to look like rain. My throat is very sore. The rest of my family is well. I am quite ill natured with the tooth ache. Mr. Parsons house burnt last night.

FRIDAY, MARCH 11, 1859
Not very well. Here comes pap and mother in the wagon going to mill and mother to meeting. Looks very much like rain. Grandmother Balser is to be emerced to day. I hope she will grow better as she grows older. I do not work very hard. I am not very well. We move.

SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 1859
The Lord has still shared our lives to see another Sabbath mornin: for which we are thankful. We have many temptations to encounter hut the Lord is our help. If we ask, we shall not be denied. Mother, Isaac, Catherine and the children come in the evening to stay awhile. Some stray horses comes here to day. Old Selim is with them.

MONDAY, MARCH 14, 1859
Warm and raining. We are a1l enjoying tolerable good health at noon begins to look like clear weather. James goes to mothers with me for fruit trees and garden roots. Mrs. Harris was there for onions. We come home. Mr. Morris comes for his horses in the evening.

TUESDAY, MARCH 15, l859
Some cooler and quite cloudy. I work hard at my carpet rags all day. James goes to Christians to help raise them. On to John Jays to hè1p roll logs then home. Mother comes out awhile in the evening, sends some cotton yarn to Catherine with Marion and Freeman. I am not very well.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1859
A delightful day. I commence cleaning the house. Sister Hoard comes. We fill our straw beds. James thrashed out his oats. I am all out of humor and will be while the black flour lasts for we have a barrel of it. In the evening gather the things in the house for it begins to look like for rain.

THURSDAY, MARCH 17, 1859
Looks like rain. I commence washing, wash hard all day. Then go to Catherines in the evening. The rain falling fast. [End of page 8] James finishes his oats. We all feel tolerable well, considering the hard times and having to eat black bread. We try to be cheerful as we can.

FRIDAY, MARCH l8, l859
In the morning it thundered and rained hard. Turned cold at two o’clock, commenced snowing, snowing thick and fast. The peach trees are all most out in bloom, the rose bushes and some other young bushes are putting out leaves. They look sad, loaded with snow, bending almost ready to break. We are in tolerable health.

SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1859
Dreary and cold and cloudy, but towards noon the clouds begin to break away. The sun begins to show its brightness. The plants are almost frozen with snow, but the snow leaves us fast. The water is streaming off the houses, so it is when the Lord hides his brightness from our poor souls-we seem almost froze then comes his brightness, warms our souls, makes us feel happy, then the snow heart begins to melt, the tears begin to flow, then our hearts rejoice.

SUNI)AY, MARCH 20, 1859
I feel to rejoice this blessed Sabbath morning for the goodness the Lord has bestowed on us through another week, but before noon I am tempted to think my lot a hard one. Cannot go to meeting. James goes to the reformers meeting then to class meeting--comes home just as if he had been at a feast of fat things there. I must get dinner for it is 2 o'clock. James and I take a walk in the evening up to J.S. and W.H.-found the folks well, come home.

MONDAY, MARCH 2l, l859
We are all well, Mother comes by. I hang my clothes to dry then scrub my house then go over to Mr. Hoards. He is quite sick. James sows oats then comes over in the evening to help me home with the babe and a load of the cherry trees. I am baking some black bread.

TUESDAY, MARCH 22, 1859
Quite pleasant this morning. I take some hasty steps over to see Aunt Catherine Foster. She is very sick. I do for her what I can-comfort her then come home-quite tired. Mother comes out a few minutes. I make a mouth wash for aunty Foster, send it over with Maria Jane and Marion in the evening. I sew some and wash and cook-looking for visitors tomorrow.

End of page 9

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, 1859
This is lovey’s birthday--36 years have gone. He was a
cross little pet. - Today he must have SOme chicken cooked to
please him. He is building fence. Of course, we will try to please him. It is a beautiful day. Dinner most ready. Here comes the company I am looking for Mrs. Tobias and Mrs. Maria Young and mother. We have a good time-only the babies are very cross. We try to nurse them.

THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1859
Now I am going visiting this beautiful morning. James, what says you to that. Oh, don’t go to day Sarah, stay at home with me. No Sir-e-e-e-go I must and you must go with me to the creek if you can spare a few minutes time off. I go to Mrs. Phillips to day--found them tolerable well. We had a pleasant conversation about the meetings at Mt. Carmel. The wind blows hard all day. We had a smoky time. A pedlar comes by and Mrs. P. buys some oil cloth. James comes and helps me home.

FRIDAY, MARCH 25, 1859
Cold, looks like for snow. Up quite late, the rats disturbed
our rest last night. Mother comes by early in the morning going to Catherines to start the carpet to weaving. I feel like work some of the times then at other times I do not.. I sew all dav in the evening three [?] Mrs. Morrisons comes to see Maria Jane. I find her with quite a swelled throat, but the visit passed off pleasantly. Supper over then they bid good night and off they go. The peach trees are in bloom, the grass growing fast, oh how thankful we should be for all the blessings we receive. Lord help thy beleiving children.

SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1859
Quite cool. Mr. Tompson calls to see Mr. Bovard. He is gone to see Mr. Morrisons. I go to mothers for sone cherry trees. NC and M.J. goes with me to carry them home. We get 1 doz. of trees. Come James at home. I get dinner then take my knitting and start over to Mrs. Griffiths to get some garden seeds. Mr. Balser did not get any farther. Come home, I baked some black loaves of bread. James builds fence. Maria Jane and Freeman throat is quite sore. The little colt is here this morning.

SUNDAY MARCH 27, 1859
Here is another lovely Sabbath morning. We do not get up early as we should do for which I feel ashamed. Looks like.for rain. James goes to the Chapel to meeting. I stay at home thinking to go to Gilead in the afternoon but not so. Baby too sick to take so I have to stay. Truly my lot is a hard one. Mr. John P. was here for dinner then went to Gilead to meeting with James and Marion.

End page 10

I do not feel that degree of comfort in my soul that I have in days past and gone, I am sorry.

MONDAY, MARCH 28, l859
This Monday morning finds us well. Warm south winds--look like rain. Do not get much work done. James goes to Isaac Sampsons for sweet potatoes. We take out our Meshannic potatoes and fix our garden plowing. At night it rains and storms. James goes to Gilead in the evening. I sew and hook lace. The baby is cross. Freeman is sick.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 1859
I commence washing, altogether out of humor, scolding every few minutes. Nothing seems to be right but I find I am too impatient. I cannot turn the world so I wash on trying to be content with [what] I have. James plows the garden. Catherine comes in the afternoon. I fix supper--last of the black flour.

THURSDAY, MARCH 31, l859
Last night James helped a widow, Deputy, doctor her cow that was down for want of food. I set up until they came-1 o’clock at night. Wesley Spear and Billy Reed and Marion Mc. B.. helped. Mrs. hoard comes by I go with them to mothers. We had a good visit. James goes to Mr. Redmans to a rolling of logs. In the evening we send for some pine trees to Christians Youngs. Freemsn is better-almost well. The rest are tolerable well. When you read this-mind your stops and read slow and sure.

SUNDAY, APRIL 3, 1859
Home--yes, home--yes, home--yes! Here is another Sabbath and finds us all well. We still have to complain of late rising and late breakfast. We have loaf bread, beef, and blackberry pies änd pound cake to day. James puts on his best suit, looks in the glass-thinks he’s fine looking, and off he goes and I have to stay at home as usual-minding the children.

MONDAY, APRIL 4, l859
Cloudy and cool, looks like for snow. I wash and starch clothes. Mother goes by to Catherines then to see Martha R. emerced. James goes to election at Frankfort. We are all well as usual. I went to the reformers meeting last night. Two joined the church.

TUESDAYS APRIL 5, l859
This morning it looks like snowing. We are all well. We iron the clothes. The cloud darkens--oh how it snows now--the fruit will all be killed. James hauls his board timber over. The cattle suffers with hunger and cold. We look for better times

End of page 11

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6, l859
More moderate this morning. Curious that I must visit so much. I go to Williams-find a house full of sick folks. Mr. Parsons family is there sick with the scarlet fever. They have a house full of company. I come home in the evening. James hauls lumber from Mr. Belches mill.

THURSDAY, APRIL 7, 1859
Cool, quite windy. James sows oats and I go to Mrs. Spears to the pedlar. Get some sugar and coffee. Get home at 12 o'clock. Mother has sent for me to come-she has the Mrs. Redman for company. I get dinner over then Maria Jane bakes loaf and gets supper before I get home. I put my time in pretty well.

FRIDAY, APRIL 8, 1859.
Cannot stay at home to day--too fine looking and the fever on for visiting. I take sewing and knitting and two children and go to see sister C.S. for she has the pouts because I do not make a call at her house. We had a good dinner then to top off things I have an hour of extreme tooth ache then I am not company for a dog. I am so ill natured.

FRIDAY, APRIL 15, 1859
Quite cool. Here comes mother on her way to Madison to trade her carpet. We commence sheering sheep hut the air is too cool for that business. Here comes Martha Jane for me to come quick. Johnny and Edy is eat some roots and are poisoned sure enough. We had a time with them. They come nigh dying. Dr. Griffith was very attentive. Dr. McLure was sent for but.did not come.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20, 1859
Very warm. I am in a great hurry to shear sheep. James is plowing for corn.. Sprinles rain in the morning. The sheep is sheared. This evening-the thunder and clouds threatens rain.

FRIDAY, APRIL 22, l859
Very cool, still raining. Surely the sheep will all die. James works at the room then hunts the sheep and pens them. Isaac comes and says John Hoard was killed today at ten o'clock by falling off the old stable. We felt sad to think of it. Gloomy day.

SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1859
The rain has ceased, the air is quite cool. We go over to
Mr. Hoards awhile in the morning, then look for our sheep.
They are all alive. James finishs the roof on my room. A
beautiful evening.

-End of page 12

SUNDAY, APRIL 24, l859
Another beautiful Sabbath. James goes to Sabbath School.
Me and Marion goes to Gilead in the afternoon to meeting.
Bro. Rueben Rice preached a very good sermon. James stayed
home with the children.

TUESDAY APRIL 26, l859
Rained last night and raining this morning. James goes to the rolling. Mother comes out awhile-says aunt Foster (Kay Foster) is very sick. She stayed with her last night. Oh it storms and lightnings. Children I wish your pap would come home. Shut the door--the storm is here.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27, 1859
Very cloudy. Farmers begins to look down in the mouth, too wet to plow. James works at my room. I wash wool. My tooth aches very bad. I go to sister Catherines in the evening a few minutes. James comes home last night. There is another hail storm.

FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 1859
I do a large washing against noon, then go over to see Aunty, found her worse and failing fast. She must go, but does not seem resigned to leave the world of trouble. What a trial it is to see her in such a distress of mind. The friends tried to talk with her but seem to scare her. The rain is falling fast. I stay all night.

SATURDAY, APRIL 30, l859
A lovely morning. I come home feeling sad. Breakfast over. James goes to mill. I start over to mothers, but the word comes that Aunt Catherine is dying and wants to see me. I go as fast as I can and found it true. She took me by the hand. "Sarah, I am going, my troubles are most over. I cannot talk much more now but you have been so good to me. I wanted the doctor to come but it is too late, now I must go. Oh, how my heart aches, I tried to Pray." She had prayed that morning for the Lord to look with a pitying eye on her, a sinner. I hope the Lord took her to rest, she said her trust was in the Lord. Oh he is good, he doeth all things well.

MAY 1859

THURSDAY, MAY 5, 1859
A pretty day, planting corn yet this morning. We have chicken pie for dinner. Catherine cones down in the afternoon. We finish planting one field to day. I sew what I
can but feel so lonesome thinking of troubles.

End of page 13

FRIDAY MAY 6, 1859
Very pleasant this morning. James commences plowing in the Morrison field. I finish washing wool to day. Hannah Jane Phillips comes in the morning a few minutes. We talk about her mothers sickness and death. It makes me feel sad and lonesome. Our dying day will soon come and I want to be ready.

SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1859
Here is another pleasant morning. I hardly know what to do. There seems so much work to be done but I wash all day--bed clothes and clothes and am quite tired in the evening. I go and take James a drink and a piece of bread for he is tired, and hungry. The drum is beating there is a muster at the school house to day.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, l859
Clear and pleasant. I went to mother’s for a mess of mustard for greens to cook for dinner. We plant corn this afternoon. Pap and George and Isaac helps. Mother comes out awhile. I sew what I can and mind the cross children. The trees are green--the cows lies out, I don’t make much butter--hard times.

FRIDAY MAY 13, 1859
Maria Jane come home. I sew all day. We are all well.
Make Marion a pair of blue pants and part of his fine shirt.
Cannot work half as much as would like to.

SUNDAY, MAY 15, 1859
A beautiful day. We go to Gilead. to hear a funeral of Mrs. Peregrin by a Presbyterian preacher. My shoes nearly crippled me. Mr. Hoard comes home with us for dinner. A swarm of bees went over our house in the afternoon.

TUESDAY, MAY 17, 1859
A nice clear morning. Marg. Foster comes we help her kill a large snake. Mrs. Catherine Hoard comes. Looks like rain in the evening. Mother is sick with the chills.

SUNDAY, MAY 22, 1859
Another Sabbath Day has come. We are all well. I go to Catherines and stay all day for company. She has a young daughter to day. James goes to Gilead and school house to meeting. We do not have much to eat here.

MONDAY, MAY 23, 1859
A very warm day. Time we begin to think of hard times. The
snow takes the corn, not one cloud to be seen today. I
do not feel very well. We plant our sugar cane to day. I
go to Catherines a few minutes this eve. She is right smart.

End of page 14

THURSDAY, MAY 26, 1859
Rained last night, fine growing.weather. We are quite happy to hear the rain, good time for hoeing in the garden. Here comes mother, Debby and Margy to help pick wool. I get dinner--we have chicken pie. My throat gets very sore in the evening. Margy stays all night.

SUNDAY, MAY 29, 1859
Sabbath morning and Oh how happy we should be all the time.
Giving thanks to our Creator for his goodness. James takes
sister Debby home this morning. I go with them. We go to
Mr. Jones--found them tolerable well. Quite cloudy.

TUESDAY, MAY 31, 1859
We had a very pleasant shower of rain last night, for which we feel thankful for. A nice time for setting out plants. I work some in the gartlen--do not feel well--have a cough. Mother goes by to get plants, has been cloudy all day. James daubs my room today and we eat the last of our meat.

JUNE 1859

TUESDAY, JUNE 7, 1859
A beautiful morning--not very cold. Here cornes the wool pickers. The house is £ull--30 in number. The wind blows very hard. John Peacock comes for mother--says Margy is very sick. They finish wool picking.

TUESDAY, JUNE 14, 1859.
A beautiful day. I sew at fly green dress--feel weak. James helps me hoe my cabbage. My garden looks well, the corn grows some now. The wheat is beginning to ripen most all cheat.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE l5, 1859
Beginning to get cloudy, looks like rain. James and Marion plows corn. Catherine comes--stays all day. Lewis Byfield comes and asks me to a sewing to Mrs. Tobias next Saturday, and Mrs. Balser has a wool picking tomorrow. I have an invitation. Now it is thundering--now it rains hard.

MONDAY, JUNE 20, 1859
Very anxious to try spinning this morning. Still cloudy thunders, now it rains. I sent to Mrs. Spears to get a reel but do not get it. Then I send to Mrs. Hoards, get a reel, spin 4 cuts--good rolls. James and Marion plows corn. We have green beans and young potatoes.

THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 1859
Clear in the morning. We wash, scrub, scald, clean the house, starch, iron, get dinner, then spin 4 cuts, get supper, quite tired. Sleep late these mornings. Cool and cloudy in the evening.

End of page 15

SUNDAY JUNE 26, 1859
Some cloudy this morning, then clears away. I go to Gilead
to class meeting. James stays at home with the children.
Late getting home. Very tired.

JULY 1859

MONDAY, JULY 4,1859
Set up last night with Abby. Very cool. Almost frost. The drums and cannons are sounding all around. Clear all day--very cool. James cuts at his wheat. The doctor comes. Mother and Catherine comes awhile. I sew what I can then get supper. The black berry pies are getting plenty.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 6, 1859
Getting very warm. I spin 14 cuts today then hoed in the garden. Some cloudy this afternoon. Abby can sit up this morning. James sold 19 sheep to day. $1.25 per head to a gentleman from Kentucky. Mother comes out and brings the money.

FRIDAY, JULY 8 1859
Cloudy, looks like rain. I go to pick berries, then come home and get dinner then spin 4 1/2 cuts. James and Marion plows corn, the ground is very dry, the corn looks sick looking,

THURSDAY JULY 28, 1859 [Note that this is out of order on my copy of the transcript.]
Beautiful morning. Babe no better. I commence washing. Lizzie Trulock comes by. I feel some better this morning. I stop washing. I have a house full of visitors. Mrs. Tobias, Mrs. Ruth Young, Miss Martha Redman. Dinner over then sew and nurse my sick baby.

TUESDAY, JULY 12, 1859
Sultry, some red clouds this morning. Sign of rain, but then clears away. Oh how glad we are. Poor little George is very sick. No better--has a hot fever. James helps me hoe the sweet potatoes.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 13, 1859
Little George is no better. James goes to the doctor for medicine., Very warm. Some cloudy. I do not get much work done--the flies are so bad. James works at his oats. The children picks some berries. Marion takes some feathers to Frankfort to get some jugs but could not get any--all gone. Gets the money for feathers then comes home. George is no better--has a hot fever--we still give medicine.

End of page 16

SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1859
James goes to mill, me and Marion, Freeman and Melville all go to the old field to pick berries. George is some better. Pleasant air--hot sun. Christian and Maria come by in the evening. They have been cutting hay. I fill some jugs with berries. The earth is dry and parched for want of rain.

SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1859
Some cloudy. James goes to help thrash at Marion Peregrines. I patch some then take Jimmy and go to Gatherines in the evening. He is right sick. Looks like for rain.

AUGUST 1859

TUESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1859
James goes to mill--gets home late with a load of black flour--not fit for hogs to eat but we poor children have to eat it. We have nothing much to eat. Times are hard and worse coming. Nothing to sell. I spin all day and sing as much as I can. Babe some better. (This is Landons Mill.)

FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 1859
Here we go to the infair dinner to Mr. Honlery. Pap, mother, Jim, K., George, Marion, Babe and myself. We have a fine time, and a first rate dinner, but I did not wear hoops like some of them. A beautiful day.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1859
A pleasant morning. I go to Catherines a few minutes. Mother goes to Frankfort to the reformers meeting. Pap goes to Wooster Mill. I wash. Catherine comes, we make James a black luster coat. The children destroys the watermelon patch. We whip them well for it. James is to Wooster meeting.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 1859
Very pleasant, no clouds. James, Isaac, Catherine, and myself goes to Wooster to the Quarterly Meeting. Mr. Hiblin preached, his text was "Cast not away your confidence." We took dinner with Brother Monroe, then went to the Sacrament meeting at three o’clock, then home through Frankfort.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 9, 1859
Looks like rain. East wind, very cloudy and warm. James goes to help Christian Young thrash and I have to patch and make some preserves. Little Jimmy very cross and cannot get much spinning done.

End of page 17

SUNDAY, AUGUST 14, 1859
Beautiful morning. James takes the wagon to the Chapel to meeting. Mother goes with us. Brother Miller preached. We went to Mr. Belches for dinner. Very warm--some cloudy.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 18, 1859
A pretty day. I sew some, fixing for camp meeting. Mother comes by from the pedlar, brought Maria Jane a basket. Catherine has the chills. I have the headache.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 19, 1859
A beautiful day. We wash, starch, iron, sew some, getting ready for camp meeting. A pretty day, all tolerable well. Times looks some better. We have plenty of rain.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 21, 1859
Little Jimmy had a chill and a fit last night. We go to camp meeting this morning. Looks some like rain. Baby has another fit. We hurry home with him and go for medicine. Mother stays us all night.

MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 1859
Clear and cool. We finish our course gray rolls. Mrs. Griffith comes for stocking yarn. Last night the skies was light as day with red streaks called the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights. Article in Almanac--Looking Nice--A term invented to keep boys off the grass, and make girls consumptive. In our opinion, dirt is one of the very elements of health, and no boys should be denied his legitimate share thereof. C1ean children are always "pale and interesting." [Did she mean "uninteresting"?]

SEPTEMBER 1859

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1859
A beautiful day. Catherine comes. James goes to Redmans to see the sick. I spin all day at my blankets filling. A heap of sickness.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1859
Mr. Greens little boy died last night. James had to go over then to Frankfort. Another light night. I am troubled nearly sick, so much trouble here below.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1859
Cool, some clouds. James and children goes to meeting. Mother and pap comes by, they received a letter from Aunt Liza. Granny P. and Frank P was here for dinner. Then James kept the children and I went to meeting the afternoon, the reformers meeting.

End of page 18

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1859
James sows wheat. I double and twist coverlid yarn. We are all well. Cool and some clouds. In great hurry to get some work done.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1859
Cool and pleasant. Fine time for work. I twist yarn till noon, then go to Catherines to the ped1ar but he does not come. What a trouble I have.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1859
James goes over to Mr. Green’s this morning. Their child died last night. Cool and cloudy, rained some last night. We go to Gilead to meeting in the wagon. We get our children baptised.--M.A., G., and James Carvossa. (Melville, Abner and George.)

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1859
Cool. James goes to Paris and gets my indigo and madder to color my cover lids. I twist 21 cuts. Mr. Belch and Mr. Hubanks comes. The children goes for hazelnuts. I go to Catherines late in the evening, she is not at home.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1859
Some cloudy, cool, fall weather. James commences sowing wheat at Mr. Morrisons. I twist 16 cuts of coverlid yarn and send some to Catherine to twist. Mother comes a few minutes.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1859
A beautiful morning. We go to Hr. Jones with all the children. The quarterly meeting is at Wooster. Very warm, threatens rain. Get home late. I stopped at Margy’s, her and John is sick. I stopped at Mrs. Phillip's. She is better.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1859
A pleasant, morning. Some clouds, rained last night. We spin at our flannel filling. I go to mothers and fix her bonnet. She is going on a visit. I come home, set a blue dye, then go to Catherine’s almost run down, James complains of being sick.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1859
Here we go, James and I to Mr. Foster to the house raising. Cool cloudy. We have a fine time. I come home at noon, then go to Catherines to the pedlar, he does not come, then home--very tired. Mother has gone on her visit to Shelby Co.

End of page 19

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1859
A beautiful morning. We sleep late. We are all well. James goes to Chapel to meeting, then comes home, gets dinner then we both go to Gilead meeting. We go mare back instead. How fine we rode. I am pretty near proud. We hear a good sermon from Mr. Miller. (Margin) Brother Miller’s last sermon for this year.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1859
Late breakfast. I go to Mrs. Griffiths a few minutes, then home. Sew and bake black berry pies. Mother returns from her visit late this evening. Found her folds all well and found things doing well enough at home. We are fixing for Canton to get our coverlids wove. Cloudy all day, threatens rain.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1859
James goes to Wooster Mill. I take the three least children and go with him to sister Deborah McLures. Oh how the rain pours down as we come home. Found them all well. Debby and I took our babies and walked to Mr. Davis' and Mr. Stokes stores, get home late. Marion goes with George and K. to Mr. Tobiases to an apple cutting. Rains quite so hard at night.

OCTOBER 1859

SATURDAY OCTOBER 1, 1859
Here is Saturday, very pleasant. I patch some. James hauls wood, kills a mutton in the evening. Isaac and Ashberry Belch comes to stay all night. I receive a letter from Nancy Petro. Maria Jane and Aby both sick with bad colds. Have to work too hard.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 2 , 1859
Lovely morning. Feel thankful that all is as well with us as what it is. Children better. I stay at home all day. James goes to Gilead to meeting. Catherine comes awhile and I send for pap to come out and eat dinner. Mother has gone to Margy Peacocks. Such a pretty clear cool pleasant day.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1859
Clear and cool till noon then cloudy. I went to mothers in the forenoon. We have a notion to go to the fair to Vernon tomorrow. James commences cutting corn this morning. I spin, starch and iron and bake some pumpkin pies. Mother and George comes out to stay all night, ready for the fair. Melville is sick. James goes to Gilead at night.

End of page 20

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1859
Cold--very cold. Melville better. Now we start for the fair before daylight. Leave the children in bed. We get very cold. Heavy frost. Arrived at the fair--safe. Saw a many nice things but thinking of the children at home I did not see much pleasure. My head ached and I felt sick and wanted home. The roads are good. The moon shone bright. We arrived home at half past eight at night, found the children in bed. All well, then I wished I had took my time easier. Mother and George went on home, tired and hungry.

SUNDAY OCTOBER 9, 1859
Some clouds then clears away. We have a good mess of beans and corn for dinner. I feel well but the rest are all sick with sore throats. Maria Jane goes to Mr. Foster’s. Very cool.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1859
Pleasant morning. I commence spinning. My tooth aches. I finish spinning--spun my dozen. Oh how I suffer with tooth ache. The Roseberry girls are here. James cuts corn. Clear all day. Heavy frost.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1859
Cool--some clouds. Margaret B. comes to color. I colored to day and finished twisting stocking yarn. Mother and Tilda Foster is here. I scoured out some yarn to day.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1859
I start to the pedlar but do not go all the way--he did not have no cotton yarn. Marget come to day and colored her yarn. Cloudy, looks like rain. I go with Margy to mother’s. We fill some jugs with tomatoes. I still have the tooth ache. Abner Sinclairs birthday.

SUNDAY OCTOBER 16, 1859
Nice pleasant morning. I went to mother’s awhile--left the children with James. Maria J., Delilah B., Ann Stevens went by to mothers this morning. Very cloudy.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1859
Sleeves rolled up. All in a hurry--now the coloring is to be done. Here goes Christian Young and Isaac S. I color red and green--dip the blue for Margy P. Mother and Catherine comes. I boil the cotton for the jeans. James cuts and hauls wood. Isaac goes by--he is going to town tomorrow. James is sick. Cloudy this morning.

End of page 21

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1859
I go to mother’s to warp my blankets. Spooled them last night. The rest in bed. K. come for the kettle to make preserves. James digs potatoes and I color blue, work at my weaving, pick beans and a thousand other things. My hands are so chafed I cannot work with ease. Mother comes a minute or two. James writes notes for the meeting house. Babe cries.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1859
Blessed Sabbath morning. Debby and Ethe goes by to the post office, taking a ride for their health. James and myself goes to Gilead to meeting to hear Mr. Potts preach.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1859
I finished weaving my blankets to day, spool some at my carpet chain. Cold and cloudy--looks like rain. Moses and family comes to paps to night. Mother has the tooth ache. I am not very well.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1859
Now I hurry my flannel to see how it will look. I scald some too, boil bark to color jeans chain, but here comes brother Moses and wife and children and pap and mother and Catherine, and children comes. Not well.

SATURDAY OCTOBER. 29, 1859
Cloudy and co1d. Abby is sick. I commence weaving my flannel. Oh how beautiful it is. Mother goes by to Catherines. We bury our cabbage, beets, squashes and color jeans cotton and carpet rags, render tallow, make some candles, and sew on my blankets.

NOVEMBER l859

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1859
I commence early to boil syrup, boil all day. Catherine and children comes-stays a1l day--warm and pleasant. Go in the afternoon to grind cane. Mother comes in the evening.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1859
Pleasant morning. I boil syrup cane juice till noon, then wash and warp my jeans at night. James helps me. Pap and mother went to Paris to day. Mother bought a fine shawl---$6.30. Clear day but very windy and smoky. Dry time--we wish it would rain.

End of page 22

SUNDAY, N0VEMBER 6, 1859
Very smoky. Sleep late. My throat is sore--bad cold. Brother Moses and family goes home to day. James goes with me to Gilead to meeting. Mr. Potts preaches--his text was "Enoch walking with God 300 years and then was not for God took him." Come home late. All well, we left little Jimmy home with the rest of the children. I write at night. The children reads their books and make noise enough.

WEDNESDAY, N0VEMBER 9, 1859
Pleasant and warm. We beam our 40 yards of jeans--takes us one hour to beam it--put it through the gears and reed. Mother comes with some filling. James still works at fixing our house-the doors and windows. We begin to want rain very bad--the corn is turning yellow for want of rain.

MONDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1859
Up early this morning--commence washing with frozen water. The children goes to school. I wash hard. Get done against 2 o’clock. Norwood Tobias is here for dinner. Mother goes by to Catherines. James goes to mill with corn to Mayfields then hauls wood. I weave at my jeans. We are all well.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1859
Rained all day--commenced before daylight. James commenced his sled--went to paps for an auger--took their salt home. I wove all day. James quilted some. We are glad to see it rain. Jimmy went barefooted. He is a good boy--I do not get to nurse him much. I do not get to read my Bible enough--too much work to do.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1859
Cloudy, make a kettle of pumpkin butter--very good. I weave some. Mother comes out awhile. I fill quills. Maria Jane irons, James finishes his sled. Marion went to the [post] office. Freeman and Melville and Aby and George all disobedient children. I hope they will get better.

SUNDAY, N0VEMBER 20, 1859
Blessed Sabbath morning. We are all well as common. Up late this morning. James and I went to Gilead to meeting. Brother Potts preached. His text was, "Ye are my friends as long as you do whatsoever I command you."--l5 chapter and 14th verse of St. John.

End of page 23

WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 23, 1859
Up early this morning. James goes to husk corn for Mrs. Miller, then hauls corn in the afternoon. I weave hard afternoon and mind the children, cook dinner, sweep, wash in the forenoon, sew at night thinking how much work I have to do and how to get it done.

THURSDAY, N0VEMBER 24, 1859
This is Thanksgiving Day. I feel thankful that all is as well with us as what it is. Pap and mother have gone to Deborah’s to day. Cool, and cloudy. James hauls rails for his fence--then is very sick at night. I weave all day--almost out of heart. So much to do here. Here comes Mary Ann Tobias with Ruth’s jeans. My thoughts don’t get much rest.

TUESDAY N0VEMBER 29, 1859
Up early and off to town. Beautiful day, warm sun--some streaked white clouds--cool air--white frost. The children goes to stay with Catherine. Isaac goes to town [obviously Madison]. We get to town before sun down. James stays at the tavern and I stay at Mrs. Byrds. I seen and heard many things, but with very little satisfaction arid poor encouragement. This is a very wicked world, but I do not see much of it. I did not sleep much. The boats made such a noise and I was uneasy about home and children.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1859
Leave town at half past 9--sick and tired. Not enough money to buy what I need. James buys 5c worth of cake and l0c worth of cheese. We get home just dusk--the roads very good. We stopped at Julia Roseberry’s a few minutes. A beautiful warn day--begins to look like rain in the evening. The children all well--done well. Marion and Maria Jane goes to a spelling to night. I slept very sound last night was very tired. Little Jimmy was such a good babe at town--never cried to trouble me any. I bought Maria Jane a shawl for $l.25. Caroline McLain come home with Maria Jane from spelling.

DECEMBER 1859

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1859
Still raining. High water-rains all day--commenced sleeting in the evening. No school--the children come home at noon. I spooled Ruth’s jeans. The notorious Mr. Brown was hanged to day in Virginia St. [She meant "Virginia state." Abolitionist John Brown was hanged at Harper's Ferry, a town in that part of Virginia that has become West Virginia.]

End of page 24

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1859
I stay home with the children--keep Catherines babe and she goes to meeting. James, Maria Jane all went to Chapel to meeting. Slippery walking--sleet and snow frozen mist rain-thaws. I write some at night. I went to help feed the sheep.

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1859
We was cold last night. The coldest time I ever seen, do not get much work done. I sew all day and tell scripture stories to the children-hear them say lessons. James cuts wood and does the feeding. Oh how my tooth aches. Sad company. All well.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1859
Some moderate this morning. I commence weaving this morning. But have to quit and wash the clothes. I fry some crills. Sew and nurse the babe. Hurry--try to get some work done--too much to do to get along with our troubles. James went to mill with some buckwheat in the sled-hauled wood.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1859
James helps pap kill hogs to day. I weave. James comes home at noon then goes to Maria Byfield's to saw timber. The children goes to school. Little Jimmy is beginning to walk around. Frozen some--snow on the ground. Plenty to eat--not much work--these days are so short.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1859
Up early--James off to town. Mary Foster comes home with Maria Jane from school to stay all night with us. Marion goes to husking of corn to Christian Young’s. I wove to day. Catherine come to day. I sew at night. Little James Carvossa waik all over the place now.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1859
James cuts wood yesterday. I went to hunt him in the evening--thought a tree had fallen on him--found him still cutting wood. I waded through the snow. I weave till noon then wash. Mr. Belch comes, takes dinner with us. Takes till dark to wash the clothes. Very tired. William went by from mother’s.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1859
Now I have a cold time. A hard day’s work to render. Up late, done all my work to day. Plenty of meat and lard this year. Pretty good sleighing now--but I have no time to spare.

End of page 25

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1S59
Here it Christmas morning. We looked for visitors last night but did not come. Begins to thaw, the snow is melting fast. James took me to the meeting in the sled then to Mr. Thornpsons--then home in the evening. Mother is here, She had company to day. We are all well. We have crulls and corn bread and sausage and sause to eat.

ARTICLE IN ALMANAC--Donati’s Cornet of 1858
The splendid appearance made in the heavens by this cornet in October will long be remembered by those who have had the pleasure of beholding it. On some favorable evenings its tail extended across the firmament for the distance of forty-five degrees. When nearly setting behind the western horizon, its tail streamed up halfway to the zenith. Centuries may pass away before another sight of such surpassing magnificence shall be seen. [Note of 2007: It's unclear if Sarah entered this by, copying from a publication, or if a later typist entered it.]

SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1860
Saucy, noisy children.

MONDAY, JANUARY 9, 1860
Little James Carvossa takes a fit, lasts three hours. I am troubled most to death about him. He is very sick. Mother pap and John, Mr. arid Mrs. Griffith comes and does all they can for him. John goes for the doctor and James. Oh the mud mud mud!

SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 1860
All midling well this rnorning. James Carvossa running strong. My head aches. James goes to Mr. Morrison’s for meeting house money. Marion goes to the post office. Very muddy and sloppy--mists rain all day. I wash sowe then go to Mr. Griffith’s for some salve for Georges leg--it is so sore. Left Jimmy asleep. We have good buckwheat cakes to eat plenty of meat, cakes, pies and cabbage. Oh how thankful.

End of page 26

SUNDAY, JANUARY 15, 1860
Dear Sabbath morning. We are all alive and well this morning. How glad we are for the blessings we try to say, The Lord’s will be done, but our faith so weak, but do anything for our salvation, reconcile us to thy will, help us to put out trust in Thee, O Lord then all will be well with us forever. Do not let us forget Thee, no, never, never, never.

MONDAY, JANUARY 16, 1860
James fills some quills for me.XXX

TUESDAY, JANUARY 17, 1860
All well this morning. Now I weave with all my might to get the blankets done--get done against one o'clock--17 yds. Take the loom out. Oh how glad I am. Beautiful day, I knit. Susan Redman and Cass Young comes home with the children to stay all night. James takes the blankets home, brings me $.75 in hard cash.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, l860
xxx Mr. Terril was here with baskets.xxx

SUNDAY, JANUARY 22, 1860
James stays home and minds little James Carvossa.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1860
Warm and windy. I make soap to day, patch and knit, nurse and scold. Oh how warm, now I have plenty of good soap. We are all well at present.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1860
Clear cold morning. Windy all day. James went to Paris, bought 15 yards of muslin, some paper pens and tacks. Thawing--very muddy. We clean the house--sweep, scrub, and bake pies. and cake. Marion has sore throat. Mr. Griffith’s children come for turnips at night.

SUNDAY, JANUARY 29, 1860
The Austin Methodist Church is dedicated to day.

MONDAY, JANUARY 30, 1860
I cut six pairs of pants then sewed some at Marions.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1860
Mother comes--we have fine times making capsxxxx. Snows all day, not enough for sleigh ride.

End of page 27

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1860
Quite cold this morning. Miss Martha Redman comes stays all day--visiting. B. Foster, I. Sampson, pap, mother--all come out to help kill a beef. Mr. Foster paid me $1.40 for weaving. Now I have money enough to get my coverlids. GOOD!! Mrs. Griffith’s children comes to spell awhile.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1860
I sewed hard last night and yesterday at little Jimmy’s new yellow suit of flannel that James bought for him in town. The sun shines bright. Not very cold. Do not go to meeting. I have a sore shoulder and neck. I sew hard all day. James works in his clearing.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1860
Oh what a beautiful morning this is. Oh how I would like to go to meeting this morning but am too tired to walk. James goes. I cook a chicken against he came home. He is complaining of pain in his breast. The sugar drops fast to day. James goes at night to meeting. Marion went to spelling at the school house. Charley Griffith come over for some lard. The children are so noisy. My coverlids are done today.

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1860.
This morning--snowing fast, fast. James splutters, hurrys to get his corn in that is down on the ground. Little Jimmy is quite sick. I twist some carpet chain, cut some rags, patch some. Sun shines in the afternoon. Ethe and Frank comes to mother’s. This is the last day of school. Oh how glad we are.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1860
Still cloudy, not very cold. I commence spooling cotton for carpet. Maria Jane twists then her and Marion goes to Margarets to a quilting. Cool--sleeting, this evening. James goes to mill for the buckwheat flour. What a good James! Now we have cakes for supper but I’m kinder sick.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1860
I go to mother’s a little while. Cloudy and cold. I hurry home, get dinner. Mr. Albert Byfield comes, buys some sheep--7 for $l0.00--pays 5. Here comes mother. Now we go to Mrs. Griffiths a visiting, find them all well and making soap. We stayed for supper. She cooked chicken had a good supper. James gathered corn, then meet me to help me home. Raining.

End of page 28

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY l8, 1860
We sit reading till ten o’clock. We have plenty of papers to read now.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1860
A beautiful morning--frozen ground--but a fine sugar day. The sun shines. James opens our camp. We are going to make some sugar. Julia Hoard comes a visiting. I show her how to hook edging. Mother comes awhile. Maria Jane goes to the pedlar but he does not come.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1860
32 years old to day--sixteen years married. 8 children--7 boys and 1 girl, but Oliver W. is gone home. Marion McKinley, Maria Jane, Freeman Daily, Melville Young, Abner Sinclaire, George Finley, James Carvossa. A notable day for me. James gone to Mr. Doughty’s house, raising the children at dawn. I'm writing in my book. The wind is moaning in the trees, the hens are cackling.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1860
Commenced raining yesterday evening--rained and blowed last night. This morning it looks like clearing away. I go to mother’s to a carpet cutting and roasted turkey. The wind commenced blowing, oh how the trees fell in all directions. Some clouds--I hurry home. James and Marion boils sugar water. We are tolerable well. Not very cold.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1860
I think the prettiest ever was. Not quite much air stirring. Sun shines bright. James goes to the Chapel to meeting, but I have always to stay at home. No way to get to meeting without dragging my life out. Our horses are so fat they cannot get their breath. A sin to ride ponies to meeting. Best stay at home, most too muddy to go to meeting. Vexed enough to cry--no pleasures in the old world of sin.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1860
This another fine day, the sun shines bright--looks like making garden. Mother comes in the afternoon. I cut a sack and help her sew some. The two Mrs. Tobias’ is come to get a school. We boil sugar water. James husks corn. All well.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1860
Here is our wedding day. Sixteen years to day, since we started out on this broad world for a living. Raining this morning. Mother, Mrs. Griffith come, and Catherine Sampson come and helps me quilt my woolen quilt--get done--how nice it is. George’s leg very sore, the rest tolerable well. We have blackberry pies. Isaac comes in the evening to help Catherine and children home. [Catherine and Isaac Sampson apparently were husband and wife.]

End of page 29

FRIDAY, MARCH 3, 1860
Warm, sprinkling rain--very cloudy. The quarterly meeting commences to day at 11 o’clock. James goes. I am sick to work with cold in my breast. The Mr. Rice’s comes home with James from meeting. I am quite out of humor at nothing.

TUESDAY, MARCH 6, 1860
Warm and rainy. James hauls some corn, gets very wet. Maria Jane went to mother's for milk, gets very wet. John goes by. Begins to clear away. The wheat and grass grows fast. I sew some, am better but very weak. We are hurrying to get our carpet wove to sell.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 1860
xxx James makes rails.XXX

THURSDAY, MARCH 8, 1860
Clear and warm. James hauls corn and fodder and wood. Talks of starting for our coverlids in the morning. I finish doubling cotton for carpet.

FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 1860
Clear and cool. Up at 4 o’clock and get breakfast, then James starts at 5 for Canton. Clear till noon then cloudy mists some snow, very windy and cold. Mr. Henly comes for meeting house money. I pay him $31.75--get a receipt. Mother and K goes by to the store. Pap sick.

SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 1860
James arrived safe--half past seven last evening with our coverlids. Very nice. Oh how glad I am they are good. Gave 5 dollars for the weaving of them. Here comes mother to help make them. We are all well as common. I go to mothers. Clearing off--cool.

SUNDAY, MARCH 11, 1860
A beautiful mornirig. Clear all day--no wind blowing. James takes mother and me to Frankfort to meeting. Brother Miller preached Woodney Wiggin’s funeral to a very large congregation. We took dinner with Deborah McClure, then home. "Blessed be the name of our Lord Jesus who hath begotten us again unto a lively hope."--the text.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 14, 1860
Very pleasant. I go to the branch to wash. James thrashed oats. I get done washing and go over to Griffith’s a minute or two, then come home, fill the straw beds. I am tired. All well but George's leg.

End of page 30

TUESDAY, MARCH 20, 1860
Very windy all day. I make some garden, set some raspberry bushes out. James sows the old garden in oats. The pet rabbit is here yet. Maria Jane finishes twisting carpet chain today--have 82 cuts. Cool today. We have 4 young chicks. I am very tired. James complains of his breast hurting.

THURSDAY, MARCH 23, 1860
I colored some with log wood--get good colors. Now my carpet is colored ready for weaving. Two Miss Morrison’s comes, go to mother’s then home. Maria Jane, Freeman and Marion goes to mother’s to a carpet sewing at night.

FRIDAY, MARCH 23, 1860
James is thirty seven years old to day--failing fast, getting old. Mother and Catherine comes to spool and warp carpet. James sows oats. I spool some at my carpet. Pleasant all day with cool wind. Looked like rain last night.

MONDAY, MARCH 26, 1860
Now I commence warping my carpet--sixty yards of purple, red, blue, yellow, white, brown and black. Cold with snow-squalls all day. Isaac comes, helps James cut down the poplar tree. Marion plows for oats. Olivio Griffith comes awhile. Mother went to Catherine’s. Stopped awhile.

TUESDAY, MARCH 27, 1860
More pleasant this morning, the sun shining with wind. Get my carpet through against noon then go to the branch to wash. Mr. James Morrison comes--tales dinner with us. After done washing I wove 2 yards. James and Marion plows and cleans ground.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 1860
Still pleasant to day. Now I weave 8 yards of carpet. Mother comes awhile. Cool air. Maria Jane goes to Catherines to sew carpet rags at night. Marion sprains his ankle. K. sticks the pitch fork in his foot. Unlucky day for them.

FRIDAY, MARCH 30, 1860
I weave 7 yards against noon, then to mothers. I have the headache. Lizy Spears was at mother’s--come by here. Some youngsters comes to stay with the children at night.

SATURDAY, MARCH 31, 1860
James comes home last night at one o’clock, bought a fish, 10 pounds of coffee, l0c worth of cheese, a plow pint [?] and land shovel. I was very glad he came home, Cloudy--looks like rain. Catherine comes by this morning--going to mothers for garden seeds. I go to the store with 5 doz. eggs--get a gallon of good molasses--55c per gallon. James comes and helps me home. Mother comes.

End of page 31

APRIL 1860

TUESDAY, APRIL 3, 1860
Fine day--the sun shines warm--very smoky. I weave 10 yards. James sows his grass seed then takes out the potatoes, have 10 bushel--plenty to eat and for seed. The boys husks corn out of fodder then shell corn to go to mill. Looks like rain--does rain and blow at night.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 4, 1860
James goes to mill with corn and wheat, get home before noon. The wind raises, oh how the trees falls in every direction. I goes to Christians. Mother comes to see how I am weaving--finds me weaving fast as I can--have 8 yards to day. She wants us to go to town a Friday.

THURSDAY, APRIL 5, 1860
Finishes 57 yards to day.

SATURDAY APRIL 7, 1860
Cloudy all night, looks like rain. We sell our carpet 25c per yard. Stay at the tavern. Start home at 9--get home at 5. Found all well, but I was very tired, bought a bed stead and several things.

SUNDAY, APRIL 8, 1860
Very warm. Easter Sunday--we have plenty of cooked eggs. Pap and mother comes awhile. James and Maria Jane goes to Gilead at two o’clook. Reuben Rice preached. Cass Young goes by to mother’s. Little Jimmy's weaned to day. I go barefooted. Quite pleasant--looks like rain. We are all well.

MONDAY, APRIL 9, 1860
Still looks like rain. We plant some corn, beans, mellons and cucumbers. The trees are getting green very fast. I go to mother’s. Mr. Butt and wife was there grafting some fruit trees for them. Mr. Morrison comes here for oats. James plows some. Freeman Daily and Melville Young starts to school to day.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 1860
Still misting rain. Isaac Sampson comes and helps James saw rail timber. We have turnips, greens, custard pies chicken pie, lots of nicknacks-good enough. Potatoes-plenty more a growing, the wheat looks fine, the apple trees are in bloom. We are all well but Georges leg--very sore.

End of page 32

THURSDAY, APRIL 12, 1860
James goes to the mill, then makes rails, too wet to plow.
I commence soaping. I cut out Maria Jane's dress. Asbury
Hoard comes and asks James to a log rolling to morrow at
Ambrose Hoards.

FRIDAY, APRIL 13, 1860
I commence making soap to day. Mrs. Griffith comes to borrow my kettle but she does not get it. Marion plows. James goes to rolling. I go to Mrs. Griffith’s a few minutes. We are all well.

SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 1860
I take the children and go fishing--catch five fine fish. Get home, time to get dinner, then patch. James makes rails then builds fence. Marion plows, then hauls rails, then goes a fishing. The moles destroys my garden--the hens helps.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18, 1860
Cloudy, James plows the potato patch. I help plant the taters. I went to mother’s this morning. Mother comes out awhile. I trim her bonnet. Maria Jane goes to the store, bought some whoops. Cool--looks like rain. Marion plows for corn.

THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1860
Very cloudy. Now it rains. Mother and me was going to Margy’s to day but the rain hindered us. I wear some hoops over to finish planting potatoes. Mrs. Griffith comes and stays till after supper. Sprinkles rain. Mother rode out to Margy's.

TUESDAY, APRIL 24, 1860
Clear cool but windy. I have a notion going to Redmans but do not go. Olivio comes for me to come to a quilting this afternoon. I go--found the house full of visitors--felt cheap enough in company with quality but they soon left. Mother and Catherine and myself was the quilters. The quilt out--the supper over--home we come. Some cloudy.

MAY 1860

TUESDAY, MAY 1, 1860
Beautiful morning. I feel quite well this morning. Scrub clean the house, dress in hoops--look for visitors. Tilda brings me a mess of fish. Oh how good. Mrs. Everhart and Mrs. Sampson comes. James and Marion furrows out for planting.

End of page 33

FRIDAY, MAY 4, 1860
Very warm. I pick the geese. Mother goes by to the store but I am not ready till after dinner, then I go to the store, bought sorrie vinegar and rice and paid one dollar on what I owed. Come home--supper over, then went to mother’s for milk. The wool is dry, ready for picking.

SUNDAY, MAY 6, 1860
Very cloudy. James and me walks to the Chapel to hear Mr. Hester preach old Mr. Hoard’s funeral, he preached a good sermon to a crowded congregration. Come home tired--stopped at mother’s for dinner.

MONDAY, MAY 7, 1860
Quite warm. I wash clothes. James goes to mill in the afternoon. I go to Mr. Redman's with him in the wagon. He gets the flour and meal. I am fixing for a wool picking. Ask some pickers. Go to mother’s for milk.

FRIDAY, MAY 11, 1860
John Peacock has a log rolling to day and wool picking. Mother goes but I cannot go to far. I patch some, get dinner then go to Mrs. Miller’s to see Catherine Miller. She is right sick. James comes to help me home with little Jimmy. He fixed the pump to day.

SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1860
We finish planting our patch of all kinds of produce. Send to Mr. Green's for a bushel of potatoes. We have fish for dinner. Newton Phillips gave Marion one that weighed 7 pounds. James and I take a walk to look at the corn, then work in the garden, make ridges for potatoes. The boys go after the cow. Cass Young comes and stays all night.

SUNDAY, MAY 20, 1860
We have three cows to milk now, feel in hopes of having some butter. I feel very lonesome to day. Caroline comes, goes with Maria Jane to Gilead to Sunday School, then to class meeting. James and Marion is gone to the meeting to Gilead. Getting cloudy, quite windy.

MONDAY, MAY 21, 1860
Little Jimmy very sick last night, this morning--no better. Have a terrible storm at three o’clock--a tornado at many places--terrible destruction. James replants corn. Tilda Miller comes and asks me to a wool picking at Daniel Watson’s to morrow.

End of page 34

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23, 1860
Still pleasant but too wet to replant corn. Baby better this morning. The garden grows fine. The two Mr. Griffiths comes to measure the loom. James goes to Mr. Tobias, takes dinner with them.

SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1860
Little Jimmy very hoarse with the croup last night. I take him, go to mother’s. Marion and Freeman goes to the store. Mother received a letter from Moses Young--stating he is very sick. Little Jimmy’s getting very hoarse. I feel bad and troubled--troubled nearly sick.

SUNDAY, MAY 27, 1860
We have a time with poor little Jimmy last night. He was so sick, not much better this morning. Sunday School commenced to day at the school house. Mother starts for Moses. To day Mrs. Hoard and Catherine is here. I went to mother’s a few minutes. Very warm. James stays at home.

JUNE l860

FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1860
A beautiful day, dinner over--but Mrs. Griffith does not come then I go to Mrs. Miller’s to see Catherine Miller. She is no better. James plows corn. Poor prospects for corn. Mother went to see Deborah to day. She has a young daughter. Fine clear day.

SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1860
Cool, pleasant morning. I work in my garden. Maria Jane goes to the store and meeting. Mother goes by to meeting. Mr. Hartley preached. I iron and then write a letter to Nancy Petro, then go to mother’s a few minutes. Margaret is here. James plows for corn. Cool evening.

MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1860
Cool and cloudy. James fixes for Madison. I am sick--not able to work. James and Maricn plowed corn this forenoon. Christian Young comes to warn hands to work on the roads, Thursday and Friday.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 13, 1860
This morning--very cloudy. Louisa is spinning. Maria Jane sewing and minding little Jimmy. I hoe some in my garden. I have 25 goslings. They are much trouble, they eat my cabbage. The garden grows fine. I go to Mrs. Hoards a few minutes--found them all well.

End of page 35

SATURDAY, JUNE 16, 1860
Another fine clear day. I clean, scrub, wash dishes, churn, bake loaf bread and pies. Louisa goes home this evening. She has spun 7 dozen 8 cuts this week of flannel yarn. We are all well. I go to mother’s a few minutes. Marion goes to the store, gets some white fish.

TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 1860
Pleasant morning. I feel better. I commence washing. Artimecis Doughty comes and stays all day. I wash and bake loaf and cut out my new sack. Beautiful evening. How bad we need rain. Mrs. Hoard went by to mothers.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 20, 1860
Pap harvests this morning. Catherine comes by, and I go to mother’s with her. Marion and Freeman plows corn. Maria Jane gets dinner. Louisa spins. Cool air--fine day for harvesting. The colts shoulder is very sore.

THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 1860
Another pleasant morning. I hurry and get my work done. Leave Maria Jane to get dinner. She is sick too, but thinks she can do till I go to Mrs. Miller’s to see Catherine Miller. The preacher come here while I was gone, then come to Mrs. Miller’s and baptised Catherine Miller. We had a good time.

SUNDAY, JUNE 24, 1860
Still clear. Pap and mother comes. James and children goes to Sunday School, but Maria Jane she stays with the little children. Mother and me goes to Spears to see her hurt hand. Mr. Terrill was married this morning to Molly Graves. Great rejoicing over there. No rain yet. No signs for any.

TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 1860
Pleasant day with cool air. Have harvest hands to day. Mother is here. Mrs. Griffith comes awhile. We have roasted chicken for dinner and plenty of beans and potatoes, good white loaf bread.

JULY l860

SUNDAY, JULY 1, 1860
Very pleasant after the rain last night, but warm enough to rain. Here comes mother and Ethe going to Catherine’s. Mr. Butler preached at the school house. Here comes mother, Catherine and Ethe on the way home. Maria Jane went to Redman’s to day. I read in the Bible, but not enough. James stays home to day.

End of page 36

TUESDAY, JULY 3, 1860
Very warm day. All well. I sew at my dress, it lacked a yard. Maria Jane went to the store for another yard. We have apple dumplings for dinner. James sows his buckwheat then plows for corn--grows fine. K. and Marion goes this evening to Frank Peacock's.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 4, 1860
This is celebration day for some but we are at home, but Marion--he is gone to Wooster Celebration. Catherine and children comes after dinner. I finish my new dress. James plows corn. Freeman plows. Very warm day.

FRIDAY, JULY 6, 1860
Very warm. My head aches very bad, but I have to wash quite hard, then suds out yarn. Had some sprinkles of rain. I go to take mother’s tub home. Louisa, Maria Jane, Marion and K. goes to the school house to meeting at night. Little Jimmy has a swelled hip.

TUFSDAY, JULY 10, 1860
Still very warm. Almost give--such hot times. Catherine goes by to mother's. I finish ironing then warp 24 yards of linsey then beam it on. We are all well. I am raw with the heat.

FRIDAY JULY 20, 1860
I send Marion to the store to get indigo with 5 pounds of butter, gets 5 ounces of indigo. Comes home in a hurry and says Aunt Tilda Jones is dead. James, mother and myself goes out in the wagon but it was a mistake. We came home by Deborah’s. Terrible hot day. Comes a storm, we stop at Smith's.

SUNDAY, JULY 22, 1860
Still very warn. Looking like rain. All gone to Sunday School. Isaac comes. Mr. Hall preached. We have corn and beans for dinner. Now what a dreadful thunder and lightning. Oh how it rains. Marion goes home with K. to stay all night. A singing at the school house last night.

MONDAY, JULY 23, 1860
Fine morning for work. I finish coloring blue to day then weave till two o’clock then go to mother’s to quilt. James and boys goes to a republican speaking at the school house. Mr. Bingham--speaker. Some cloudy but cool--good time for work. All well.

TUESDAY, JULY 24, 1860
I get in the loom this morning to weave. The boys get back. I color my brown yarn for jeans. Mother comes awhile. Maria Jane goes for apples. James commenced his haying to day.
quite cool to day. Clear ti1l evening.

End of page 37

THURSDAY, AUGUST 16, 1860
Pleasant morning. Here comes James from town at 11 o’clock. 96c for wheat--took 18 bushels. Martha weaves 6 yards today. James bought me a nice trunk in town. I went to mother’s a
few minutes. Mr. Keath was here. We sold ten sheep.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 17, 1860
We have quite rain [sic] this morning. I patch, mother goes by to Catherine’s then go to John T. Tobias’ a visiting. Gets home late. Martha weaves 8 yards to day. Little Jimmy most well.

SUNDAY, AUGUST 19, 1860
James and Marion and Maria Jane goes to Sunday School. I stay home as usual--minding children. Here they come and Mrs. Hoard with them. Mother comes now--they send for Mr. Hoard. She has company. She gets home after dinner. Mother stays till evening. Maria Jane and Marion went to a singing at two at the school house.

MONDAY, AUGUST 20, 1860
Cool air. James goes to Landon Mills with 14 bushel of wheat, gets six ground. Sold 8 for 92c per bushel. Gets home before night.

FRIDAY AUGUST 31, 1860
Rev. Potts preaches Catherine Miller’s funeral at Gilead.

SEPTEMBER 1860

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1860
James goes to Gilead to meeting. I have to stay in bed. I am so sick. So much work.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1860
Cloudy, looks like rain. I go to mother’s a little while. Get a basket. of apples. The children goes to gather apples to dry. I sew at Marions fine shirt.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1860
The children are all helping to dry apples at mother’s. James complains of being sick.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1860
We have a bushel of apples to our shear, dryed--good ones too at that.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1860
Mother sick this morning and pap sick. James goes to sow some wheat for pap then goes to Mr. Morrison's for the wheat fan. Maria Jane went to Redmans then home, then to mother’s--do her work. She is sick.

End of page 39

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1860
Very pleasant morning. Here comes Maria Jane. Says mother is better. We cook a pumpkin, bake 12 pumpkin pies. James still cleaning wheat. Here comes mother and Catherine and children, they have come to warp their flannel. They get done against supper. I am not very well but have a great deal of work to do, sewing and patching, knitting, cooking. I make some candles. We begun to set up to work at night.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1860
Oh what a fine day. I go to mother’s but not any one there but John and him sick. Then home--have the tooth ache all day bad--makes me sick. James went to mill this morning with another load of wheat then round by Paris. Home after dark. Sister Deborah comes at noon with Christian’s in his buggy stayed here till evening. Then went to mother’s to stay all night.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1860
Fine cool morning. Maria Jane commences ironing. We have a large ironing to do. I go to Catherine's a few minutes to see the flannel then home. Get dinner then go to mother's for a basket of apples. Knit there and while I stayed. We do not get done ironing. I turn the beds and sweep and clean the house, put the curtains up. William Spear comes for a hoe to dig some roots to make some medicine for the chills. Mr. Jones comes to buy some hogs but do not find them.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1860
Oh how cold it is this morning. We double and twist some stocking yarn. John Young is sick. James goes and opens his sores. Mother goes by to Catherines. I go to mother’s and get some flax to make thread, then home and sew at my white curtains, trying to get them done. Maria Jane complains of being sick, and James complains of being sick.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1860

Oh very pleasant morning. James, Marion, Maria Jane goes to Sabbath school. Mother goes by to meeting. Hall preaches at the school house, a camolite meeting.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1860
Rained last night. Misting rain this morning. James goes and gets mother’s little wheel for me to spin thread. I cut six pair of jeans pants then spin 3 1/2 cuts of sewing thread.

TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 25, 1860
I double my thread then twist and color it. Mother comes, says Mr. Tobias is there fixing their cistern. James and Marion sows wheat then goes to Quick Creek to a political speaking at 1 o’clock. Mahala Smith comes awhile this morning. John Young went by to Christian’s.

End of page 40

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1860
The cannons are firing on some account or other.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1860
We feel thankful for the blessings we receive from our Father in Heaven. His mercy endureth for ever and ever.

OCTOBER 1860

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1860
Here is election day. James cuts buckwheat then off he goes to vote the black republican ticket. Get a licking if he doesn’t. Catherine and children comes to reel yarn. I am not well this evening. Here comes James from the election.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1860
Fine pleasant day. Another young son visits us to day. Now seven boys--makes some noise and a great deal of work. In the evening it gets very warm. Looks like rain. Catherine stays all night with us.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1860
High wind--quite cooi. Tilda Miller washes the clothes. William Young comes to work at the sugar mill. Sun shines some in the afternoon, I am tolerable well, but have the toothache.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1860
Still cloudy. James works at his sugar mill then goes to a school meeting at night. The babe is quite good--does not cry, very fat, large boy, looks hearty but has no name yet. I have great pains in my jaw and teeth. James complains of not being well to day. Abner Sinclair’s birthday. Six years old.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1860
Mother comes, makes me a present of a butter plate. I sent two pounds of feathers with her, bought a broom, some thread and buttons, two combs. Cool and cloudy, misting like rain. Tilda washed. James thrashes buckwheat. Emily Tobias comes this evening.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1860
We are some better this morning. Tommy Miller comes for Tilda Miller with a horse. Mother comes, stays till after dinner. James goes to Gilead to meeting. Catherine comes awhile. I get dinner. I am very tired.

End of page 41

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1860
Some cloudy. Matilda Miller comes to wash. I get dinner and cry with the tooth ache. Tilda’s charge is one dollar and 75c for her work. She leaves for home at 3 o’clock. James digs sweet potatoes. I am most crazy with the tooth ache.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1860
Beautiful warm day. James goes to paps to help kill the beef. The children grind cane. My tooth some better--not much. The babe two weeks old to day. Here comes James with some beef.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1860
Another fine day. My tooth is very painful. Mrs. Emaline Phi1lips comes a visiting to day. Mother comes awhile. Euphemia Smith comes this afternoon--stays till after supper. Cannot have much comfort for the tooth ache. It pains me so bad. Warm fine sunshiny day. James still works at the lasses. John and Isaac goes by.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1860
I almost died last night with my tooth, the pain was so severe. Some easier to day. James goes to Landon’s Mills to day, gets home late with good flour. The children finished the sugar cane molasses to day--have 40 gallons--to guess it off. Some of it is in sugar. I feel quite feeble to day.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1860
Still fine sun shiny and warm. James and Marion digs potatoes. I sew and write, get dinner and nurse the babe. It weighs 12 1/2 pounds--pretty much babe, I think, don’t you? Hurrah for Lincoln. Maria Jane washed the clothes to day. The children goes to mother’s for crab apples. Charles Griffith comes to bring my kettle home. I bought of William--3 bushels of apples.

NOVEMBER 1860

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1860
Cold--very cold and cloudy. James and Marion builds the Morrison fence. My tooth aches very bad. I sew and knit what I can and nurse the babe and cook. Almost out of heart. Mother comes awhile. I make some apple butter. Our cows are most dry--don’t get much butter.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1860
Still cloudy and with cold air stirring. James digs potatoes. The preacher, John Miller comes and stays all night with us. I bake loaf bread and sew and am very tired. The babe does
not cry much. All tolerable well.

End of page 42

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1860
Very pleasant morning--finds us all well. James goes with Brother Miller to the Chapel to meeting then home, gets his dinner then goes to Gilead to meeting. I stay home rocking the cradle. Cass Young and Sarah Hoard and mother comes awhile then Maria Jane and mother goes to meeting. William Young comes by. We have an argument.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1860
Cold, cloudy. James takes a load of potatoes--10 bushel to Mr. Jones. I go with him to Deborah’s, get three teeth taken out. This is election day for ths president of the U.S.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1860
We are all well as common but complains a great deal of hard times.

MONDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1860
Beautiful day. I commence washing. Mary Morrison comes then Mary Trulock, then Barbara Earhart, then Catherine comes to warp her jeans. I quit washing for the day. Warm sun shines. I have the head ache-feel quite tired. Babe cried. Cannot get much work done. First day of school.

TUESDAY NOVEMBER 13, 1860
Beautiful morning, with white frost. James off to town to day. We finish washing then cut pumpkin to day and make pumpkin butter. Matilda Foster comes to get a coat cut. Warm sun shines. Mrs. Butts visits mother to day.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1860
Very warm. James goes to hunt his filly, found her at the mound. Marion asks sewers to day. I am going to have a sewing a Saturday. James sets out his trees. I cut out sewing to day.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1860
The sewers come--10 of them--get right smart done. I am very tired in the evening. Great ta1k of war now days as Mr. Lincoln is elected president.

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1860
Some cooler with clouds. We are all well as usual. James takes me to meeting in the wagon. Brother Miller preached. I have not been to meeting for six months before. Babe behaved very well--did not cry. Catherine come by.

End of page 43

MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1860
James names the babe this morning the 19th, calls him--Charles Lincoln Bovard.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1860
Marion starts for school this morning. Five from here goes to school--4 boys and one girl. James shells corn, then goes to mill. I sew and write and nurse.

SATURDAY NOVEMBER 24, 1860
We all almost froze last night and still freezing cold to day. Mother comes. K. goes by shooting rabbits. James hauls wood and gathers corn. Marion and K. goes to the post office. The papers are all sesession news.

MONDAY NOVEMBER 26, 1860
James goes to the blacksmith shop then to Mr. Everharts to see about getting me some shoes. Says they will be ready in two weeks.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1860
Not very cold. Mother, Catherine comes--this is Thanksgiving Day. Oh, how thankful we feel for the blessings we receive. James gathers corn.

DECEMBER 1860

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1860
Mothcr goes on to the store, then goes to Christians--he is sick. I sew and knit and nurse, cook, scold--trying to get some work done. James goes to paps--gets money for his taxes. Cloudy, snowed some. Mother goes by from Crises--says he is some better.

WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 5, 1860
James off early to Lexington to pay his and pap’s taxes. Pap’s taxes--$27.00. James taxes $l2.00. Catherine comes. We make mother some new caps to day. I make two--Catherine one. James gets home at 3 o’clock. The children goes to school. Isaac comes for Catherine to he1p her home.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1860
Margaret has a young daughter this morning. She calls her Florelle Agnes. Cloudy last night. James comes for me with the wagon. We get home at 3 o’clock. Quite cool. James goes to Everharts for my shoes.

WEDNESDAY DECEMBER 12, 1860
James still cutting and hauling wood, goes this morning--gets my shoes. Hang them to the joist--I'1l send them back in the morning. They must have been the pair that Noah forgot to take in the ark. Mother comes to see if James is going to town to day.

End of page 44

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1860
Here goes James with the said canoes or shoes as the case may be. Pap comes, I go to pap’s for mother to mind the babe till I can pick the geese. Pap helped James gather corn, getting colder all the time. I dress some chickens. Maria Jane goes to Catherine’s to stay all night.

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1860
James comes home at 7 o’clock last night, safe and sound. We are all well this morning. James, Marion, Maria Jane goes to Gilead to meeting. Eastman preached at Gilead.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1860
Rains all day. James makes door latches, fixes the doors. There is no school to day. The children at home all day--what a noise they keep. I sew hard all day. Marion goes for my new shoes. The creek up. The babe not well--very cross. I have bad cold and sore throat all the time.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1860
Clearning [clearing?] off. Mother goes by to the office. We salt up six fine fat hogs. James helps me do the work, finished the sausage and lard against night. Mother come by from the office--brings the paper. Get a letter from Maine.

MONDAY DECEMBER 24, 1860
James cuts and hauls wood. I go to Mrs. Griffith's a few minutes, then home. Fry some crulls. John Young comes by--gives me a candy apple for a Christmas present. James went with me to Mr. Griffith’s at night to stay till bed time. Him and Ivan went to debate then come home.

TUESDAY DECEMBER 25, 1860
Here is Christmas again. Oh how thankful ye are for the blessings we have received this last year. James fixes the old sled, takes me a sleigh riding to Williams. Mother goes to Cris’s to eat roast goose. James goes on to mill, gets our flour, then to home.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1860
Quite cold. I stayed all night. They have a young daughter but it is dead. It will he buried at Coffee Creek this afternoon. James comes after me, then hauls corn, then goes and carried the little babe to the grave. Catherine is here to day. I am very tired and sleepy. The children at school to day.

End of page 45

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1860
Marion and Freeman goes to the shoe shop to get shoes mended Old Mr. Barney Miller comes for day. James hauls wood. We scrub, and clean the house then James takes me to mother’s on the sled to fix a can for her. Marion goes to the office. The papers are filled with war news and secession. I feel bad--do not work much.

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1860
I do not feel like walking to Gilead to meeting. James goes. Brother Miller preached. John Young and John Foster come by going to meeting, and K. Young is with them. All gone--now I read all day. Catherine goes by to mother’s. Mother is sick. Maria Jane goes with her--gets a mess of kraut.

MONDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1860
The old year is most out. I do a large washing. Beautiful day for the last day of the year. James gathers corn in the Morrison field. Maria Jane goes home with Morrison children from school. Marion and K. Young goes at night, they have lots of fun. James does not go to the debate tonight. I do not get much work done.

JANUARY 1861

TUESDAY JANUARY 1, 1861
We enter the New Year all well and thankful. Beautiful, beautiful morning. May this prove to be our happiest year of our lives and our happiest increase as long as we live on this earth. Mrs. Griffith sends my stocking home--gets some meat and lard. The bad boys turned the teacher out of school. Teacher takes him to the mill and ducks him.

JANUARY 4, 1861
Mrs. Griffith’s comes and doubles and twists stocking yarn. James gathers corn. I get dinner then knit. Sabina Morrison comes for missionary money. Some clouds to day. Thaws some--getting quite cold this evening.

JANUARY 5, 1861
Looks like snow. Cloudy all around. James and Marion hauls corn. I go to mother’s for the candle moulds--then home--darn stockings.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 186l
Cold and looks like snow. Sabina Morrison comes and warps for me. I pay her 25c. There is a spelling to night. The boys goes.

End of page 46

FEBRUARY 1861

FEBRUARY 2, 1861
Our new advocate comes to day--fine indeed--double sheeted.

FEBRUARY 9, 1861
Marion and Melville go to school--the last day of school as it happened by poverty. Eggs--7c, butter--10c, pork--6c per ham. We have plenty to eat now days.

FEBRUARY 10, 1861
We have plenty of sassafras.

FEBRUARY 11, 1861
The children boiled sugar water.

FEBRUARY 13, 1861
Sew on Marions pink shirt then fix mother a cap and make some syrup for coughs.

FEBRUARY 28, 1861
Abraham Lincoln takes his seat in the white house next Monday the 4th of March. That's all right I am sure. Right sick but knit some. Snow falls thick and fast like feathers falling. Mother comes and neighbors comes to help James make rails. The babe is so cross. I have to take pills and salts and bitter all the time. I will never be well again--better some days then worse and not able to work.

[NOTE THAT THE FOLLOWING THREE ARE OUT OF CHRONO ORDER IN MY ORIGINAL COPY]

FEBRUARY 8, 1861
The world is full of war. The Democrats and Republicans bite and devour. 1 think the Dem. bite the most and Rep. devour the most, don’t you? War?!War!! news all the time. What we will come to I don’t know.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1861 [Sunday apparently wasn't the 7th.]
Pleasant morning. Still snowing. I love to see the snow although I am not able to go to meeting--Mother, John, Marion, Maria J., Mary and Tilda Foster and James all go to the meeting. I stay at home at my old trade minding children if it kills me. I have that sort of work to tend to. Cook and read the news view the clouds, listen to the hens cackling--my mind in prison walls. No more any good to do.

End of page 47

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1861
Six weeks since I have been anywhere. We have chicken for dinner. James takes me to mother’s on the sled. I am 33 to day. Yes--nine children--here are their names. Oliver Wm.--gone to rest from troubles. I long to be there too but I must suffer on till my Deliverer comes to take me home.
Marion McKinley Abner Sinclair
Maria Jane George Finley
Freeman Dailey James Carvossa
Melvil1e Young Charles Lincoln

MARCH 1861
James and self sick most of the time--up one day and down the next. Mother and neighbors help with the quilting.

SATURDAY, MARCH 24, 1861 [March 23 was a Saturday]
James birthday--this is the day to have chicken. James is 38 years old to day and just as good as honey. I am sick and worse than sick.

SUNDAY, MARCH 24, 1861
I have to stay in bed. James minds the baby.

MARCH 29, 1861
James makes me an ash hopper and puts up the ashes to make soap.

MARCH 30, 1861
The papsrs are filled with war news but we are glad that traitors are few as they are. There is no need of any. God will help the right and that right soon.

MARCH 31, 1861
War, war! in every direction, Thats the news-terrible news. What we are all coming to is more than I can tell. The devil is sure of his portion. Lord remember us all.

APRIL l861

APRIL 7, 1861
A beautiful morning. I am some better and feel like singing
but not well enough to go to meeting. James goes to Sunday School and class meeting at Gilead.

APRIL 13, 1861
Ft. Sumpter was taken to day by the rebels or devils--the latter sounds the best. Every one talks of war. Indiana begins to wake up. Quits snowing.

End of page 48

APRIL 25, l86l
A log rolling and a barnraising at John Peacock’s. Help make flag. James and I go but wishes I had stayed at home because some crusty words fell.

APRIL 26, l86l
I am in tolerable good humor considering it is a washday.

TUESDAY, APRIL 30, 1861
Nothing but war news all the time. People fussing and grouching everywhere. The papers are filled with war news but we are glad that traitors are as few as they are. There is no need of any.

MAY 1861

MAY 21, 1861
This is a fine morning. Planted some corn and beans and worked in my garden. Mrs. G. finished coloring against noon. Mother was here this morning to see about coloring. K goes to Frankfort for dye stuff. I send to Vests for indigo. I take the children and go to mother’s but do not stay long. She abused the Republicans--called them thieves, liars and everything bad. I thought I would come home and see what James had stolen from them--my feelings hurt.

MAY 22, 1861
Here comes mother and who is more welcome that she is--but I am not allowed the privelege [sic] of speaking my sentiments as the rest of her children are but who of them are more ready to do & good turn for than I am.

TUESDAY MAY 28, 1861
Now we wash fit to kill for tomorrow in the afternoon we have a wool picking and log rolling--we bake bread.

MAY 29, 1861
This is another beautiful morning for which we are thankful. Now comes the wool pickers and log rollers. Do not get quite done picking wool but get done rolling. The ladies had a quite warm talk on politics which benefited no one. What days of sorrow and affliction we are passing through. God defend the right and give us patience to endure our trials.

MAY 31, 1861
It is not so cool this morning. I go to the clearing and work some for James, for he is right sick and feeble--a pain in his breast. Then I get dinner over and go to Catherines and take the babe--the rains pours down for a few minutes. The children comes from school most drownded. James comes to carry the babe home.

End of page 49

JUNE 186l

JUNE 1, 1861
The war is commenced. What will be the end--the good Lord knows. Thou are a mighty God--pour out thy blessings on the President, set his heart aright, give wisdom to our rulers as thou didst to Solomon. Give them strength as thou didst David and Sampson that slew thousands that they might put down treason and rebellion.

JUNE 2, 1861
This is the Sabbath morning and war. All alive and as well as usual but the baby is right sick. James goes to Gilead. Maria Jane and Marion goes to Sunday School and stays for class meeting. Then in the evening comes a storm. The rain comes down in torrents--with wind and thunder. I stay home all day reading papers and some in the Bible but not enough.

JUNE 4, 1861
This is some cooler to day. My poor babe right sick--cried most all night. It rained last night. James and Marion fixed fences, the creek is very high. The fence is down, the cattle in the wheat--too wet to plow. We will not get done planting this year. There is so much wet weather. Cris has his sheep--all but six drowned.

JUNE 5, 1861
Now I must sew all my night to get ready for the quarterly meeting next Saturday and Sunday.

JUNE 7, 1861
This is a warm morning. I cut out my bonnet and make it.

JUNE 8, 1861
James and I went to the quarterly meeting at the Chapel. Maria Jane kept the babe. We were most late. So much bad roads to go through. Marion goes to the store with the eggs--gets Lincoln a new dress. I have to make it and tuck his clothes. He is such a smart child--he has four teeth and two more almost through. He will soon be eight months old. Our papers are full of war news. A pole raising at Frankfort.

JUNE 9,1861
This is a lovely morning. We go to the quarterly meeting to the Chapel in the wagon. Mother and Mary Foster goes with us. We hear two sermons--one from Hibbon and the other from Miller. There was a large congregration. We went to the grove for services. We felt benefitted for going but do not go enough. We went to Mr. Belches for dinner--they had a lot of company.

End of page 50

The posting turned all the dashes into hyphens; I'm restoring them as I see them. Careful, the scanner also turned a lot of "Ind."s to "Md"s.

Second half of diary

2007-10-29T18:56:00.000-07:00

[The map shows Johnson township of Scott County, Indiana, about 1890. Notice the Bovards' two tracts in the middle. For a larger version, click on www.capitalpublishingcompany.com/scottcountymap.]

JUNE 10, 1861
I hoe in the garden then go in the afternoon over to Mary Morrisons visiting--take Jimmie and the babe. Maria Jane and James goes to help me there. We first get our Daily Gazettes from Cincinnati. We take it for five weeks now. We will get all the war news in that.

JUNE 14, 1861
James goes to Austin--his turn for the Gazette.

JUNE 15, 1861
John Young stops awhile. I had a political talk with him. He got huffy and off he goes and leaves me to self reflection that is--I will take what I please and have my own views.

JUNE 16, 1861
What’s the war news? All the time more traitors every day. The rebels arc murdering our men while they go unpunished. They shoot, hang, murder our men who have left our homes to serve our government. How long this will be permitted--we cannot tell but not long we hope. Deby and Ethe are to mother’s but they are too fine to come to see me--poor slave or black Rep. or Abolitionists. I am a disgrace to them. Fine rich gents and ladies they look down on me because I am black, I can’t help my color but might I think as 1 am their sister.

JULY 1861

MONDAY, JULY 1, 1861
This is a fine morning. I go to the store, comes a hard rain about 1 o'clock, James, Marion, Isaac harvest--they get soaking wet. Mr. Hepworth comes and looks at the farm, has another man with him. I hurry home and get dinner. We have plenty of young potatoes and beans and some cucumbers. I get Maria Jane a new dress and now we sew at it. Mother comes awhile. The comet is here on a visit--very bright with a long tail--north west.

THURSDAY, JULY 11, 1861
Babe not much better. I do not get much work done. James goes with Andy Morrison to James Tobiases. Muster--gets home late, babe very sick. The boys plows corn, I do not feel well. I bind my fan and a hat, do some needle work. James joins the muster to day.

End of page 51

THURSDAY, JULY 18, 1861
I am still not able to work much, sew some and cook. Sick babe. I go to mother's a few minutes, she gave me a little mess of apples to bring home the first we have had this year. Mr. Hepworth is here to day a visiting all day. Catherine comes in the afternoon. Mother comes awhile, quite warm, looks like rain then clears away. James and Marion still works at their oats. We have visitors to day. This is the day of the battle of Bull Run.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 1861
This is a very pretty morning. I take the children and go and pick a bucket of berries. Babe cross and sick. Jimmy’s sick. Mr. Smith goes by from Wilersons, stops awhile. James finish hauling wheat and then worked at his oats. Mother comes awhile. William stops awhile, says he is a Union Man.

THURSDAY, JULY 25, 1861
This is a very warm morning. Mr. Smith comes early to help me pick wool. Stays all day. We get right smart picked. I made some blackberry preserves. Some clouds does not rain. The blackberries was never so plenty at this season. What a call for men for war--going on all the time, what battles will we have pretty soon.

FRIDAY, JULY 26, 1861
We have to wash to day. I help the boys haul wood then commence washing. Marion went to Austin for the papers. No more fresh battles but getting ready for some. Mr. Griffith sent for me to come and spin sewing thread. I go in the afternoon, spin better than 2 cuts, babe and Jimmy are better, the children pick berries. The katy-dids are singing.

SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1861
Very, very warm. We bake loaf and iron. James cuts oats and then goes to his muster down to Uniontown. Thunders all day off and looks like rain--very sultry. The Peacocks comes to papa to stay all night, then goes to Williams and Ikes, they hates this nigger. Mother and I went to the carding machine but did not bring our rolls horne because we are for the union, they sure are very strong. John stopped last night. Received a letter from Nancy Petro. All are well.

SUNDAY, JULY 28, 1861
This is Sunday morning. We are tolerable well. James and Freeman goes to Gilead to Sunday School. Maria Jane and Marion goes to the school house to meeting. Tilda Foster comes home with Maria Jane, Catherine and Ethe comes awhile, we then goes to mother’s a afternoon. They all look at me as they would look at a thief because I am not a seceder.

End of page 52

AUGUST, 1861

SUNDAY, AUGUST 4, 1861
This is a very warm day. James takes the wagon and goes to Carmel to a basket meeting--takes all the children. Comes a storm, we stop at Stephen Days till the wind and rain is over, does not rain much there but east of there the rain poured down.

MONDAY, AUGUST 5, l861
Very warm, yet looks like rain. Mother goes by to Catherine's. Mrs. Griffith still weaving. I spin at my flannel chain. I have good rolls this year but can not work much, not well and babe cross. So much fuss about the war and so many going to war and so many getting killed. How glad I would be if there was no war.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 9, l861
Oh, dear me, I am so weak as an old cat this morning. Oh how warm--we want some rain, we have to wash to day. James goes to Austin for the daily paper. Maria Jane goes for Olivia to help wash some quilts. Then we clean the house. Miller Morrison comes now. We have a good rain at 6 o’clock. How glad we are, thunders and lightnings and wind blows.

MONDAY AUGUST 12, 1861
Still very cloudy, thundering now, we have a shower. Marion gone to Mr. Trulocks for Jane to come and spin-they get there by ten o'clock. She spins 13 cuts. Maria Jane spins 10 cuts. I am rnaking pear preserves. I patch and cook and and mind babe. Now we hear the thunder--now we have a good rainy--James sows his turnips.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1861
Very cool this morning after so much rain. All up early. Made a fire to warm by. I have a very sore foot, pains me very much. Babe very cross, the peaches are ripening. James plows and hoes his potatoes. The girls spin. I write and patch and cook. Everybody talks of hard times--wheat--75c, butter--6c, eggs--3c, coffee--20c, tea 25c per quarter pound, pears $1 a bushel, potatoes--40c bushel, apples--40c, pork--3c pound, and sugar 10c lb. We are expecting every day to hear of a great and dreadful battle in Missouri. Great preparations are being made.

End of page 53

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1861
This is a fine day. I wash. Jane Trulock is too sick to spin, goes to bed, gets better in the evening. Maria Jane irons the clothes and I spin some sock yarn, double and twist it, then goes to mother’s a few minutes. Babe very cross.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1861
Cloudy. John and mother goes to town. Catherine and children comes to warm mother’s flannel. James not well, very hoarse, cannot hardly speak, plows all day. In the evening Janie and me goes to Mrs. Hoard’s a few minutes, then home. I fix plaster on his breast.

MONDAY, AUGUST 26, 1861
Rainy, cloudy all day. James goes to John Smith’s to see about threshing our wheat, then cleans the thrashing floor, The boys cuts wood. I feel tolerable well to day. I spin 8 cuts, bake loaf bread and patch.

FRIDAY. AUGUST 30, 1861
James and Marion goes to Hoards to help thrash but comes back then goes to Morrison's for the wheat fan then cleans wheat and oats. I tend the kiln all day. John T. Tobias comes to warn the hands on the roads next Monday and Tuesday. Beautiful day. This is James complaint of being tired and with pains in his breast.

SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1861
This is a beautiful Saturday. We hurry to get our work done. I go to mother’s then bake, patch, wash, starch, iron. Mary Morrison comes for peaches. Now we fix to go to John J. Tobias in the wagon with mother and all the children to get our likeness taken. There was a house full of folks getting their likeness taken. Mr. Gregory had a sweating time. We had 11 pictures taken on one plate for 25c--that was cheap enough. Get home late. James right sick. Cool evening. Marion stops at Cass.

SEPTEMBER 1861

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1861
We are off to town this morning. Cloudy day with hot sun, very warm day. We took peaches and wheat , feathers and eggs--got to town before night. 65c for wheat, 50c for peaches, 5c for eggs, and 25c for feathers. I get me and Maria Jane a new delane dress l2 1/2c per yard. Buy indigo, cotton, coffee and calico.

End of page 54

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1861
This is a cool morning. James stayed in the wagon, I stayed at Mrs. Claflins Tavern. We both took breakfast on fresh beef and sausage with warm coffee and biscuit. Trading done, start for home at noon. James right sick get home after dark-children all well. While we were in town I wished that old traitor Jeff Davis was dead, the market was stowed with peaches. Went to the courier office and signed for the paper--five month--paid 50c.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, l86l
Foggy this morning. I am not well cannot work much today, but I write some. Maria Jane irons the clothes, babe very cross--not well. James goes to Christians this afternoon to the frolic. Marion McKinley Bovard plows for wheat. F.G.M. hauls wood with their calves for the stove. Now I will sew some and finish Maria Jane’s dress. Mr. Smallwood comes.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1861
Now I feel like work this morning. I am some better but quite weak. I suds out some jeans fulling the wash with all my might. Maria Jane goes to Griffith’s for copporas. [Copperas is a dye fixative for textiles.] Here comes Knelly and Wilce Morrison says if I want to take a visit to Retreat to be at the school house at one. I go to Retreat in the buggy with the Morrison women. Hannah Phillips picked the sage, the horses cut a flurry and Freeman got hurt.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1861
I am at Retreat this morning, fine pleasant time for visiting. I have a good view of the cars. Now me and Mary comes home in the buggy by ourselves--have a good time, but when we come, here comes Griffith to tell us that our men had to go to war, how sad we feel at the news. James helped Torn Smith thrash yesterday and helps the Spearses to day.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1861
Cloudy yesterday. Oh how it stormed last night, thundered and lightening [sic]. We looked all night for James Captain to call him to camp but to our joy he did not come. This morning cool and cloudy. Here comes John for me to cut and make his pants. I cut and make at them. Here comes Mary Morrison to suds out her yarn. James goes to Crothersville to a speaking.

End of page 55

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1861
James got home alive yesterday evening. The search was about to devour him. There was a mistake about the soveren calling out the home guards and I am glad for one. Mother comes by going to meeting, stops long enough to wish old Lincoln dead. Here comes Mrs. Sampson and husband, stays all day, this is a fine cool day. Smith and Hall have a meeting at the school house.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1861
Old Mrs. Smith joined the Campbellite yesterday, will be emersed to morrow at the mill. I sew at John's pants, I color my jeans chain, get a good color. Catherine comes to tie jeans, Mother comes to get some flour. John stops awhile, takes dinner with us. I get a good color. The meeting still goes on.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1861
This is a pleasant day. Mrs. Smith emersed to day at the mill. A fight takes place at the school house, these sesch and one union man of course the union man retreated with sore bones--poor fellow he has three sons in the army. Fine day for baptising and fighting all three good Camolites or camel fights makes no difference, their preachers leaves them after that, got scared out. What will this world come to yet for fighting and lying. Lord have mercy.

THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 26, 1861
I am tryingto spin, spin 8 cuts then sew at James pants. Catherine comes to tie jeans for me. She agrees to spin some flannel filling for rolls, so I must hurry and go to weaving. I have 35 yards of jeans to weave, 12 yards of check flannel and 25 yards of linsy. Cloudy, looks like rain. I get up at night to sew.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1861
This is a very cool cloudy day. Mists rain in the evening. Blows like winter. Mother comes awhile, I sew, finish James pants, I am thinking of going to muster to morrow to Mr. Letts. Maria and I washes the clothes, Knelly Morrison comes for soap. How my heart aches with trouble.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1861
This is a very cold morning, up early to go to the muster. Mr. Griffith comes. He says the seseches is getting very strong in Kentucky. The war is raging--getting worse. We take our dinners with us. Catherine goes with us, the children stay here. We have a fine time seeing the folks muster. Most too cold to be comfortable--Col Malock and Mr. Hill gave a short address to the soldiers which was good.

End of page 56

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8,1861
This is a pretty day. Here comes Caroline and Sabina Morrison for soap and ashes. Maria Jane washed to day. I spin 10 cuts of stocking. Jane then goes to Morrison’s to see about coloring blue. James and boys takes the colts out to Jones.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1861
This is a beautiful morning. I want to go to meeting, our new preacher comes to day. James walks and goes to meeting but I mount a butterfly and fly over to meeting. Get there before the preacher. James looks two ways for sure. Marion goes home with Tommy and Ana. Comes home in the morning by Frankfort br my madder to color my flannel. Pap and mother are sick but want to go. I write a letter to Nancy Petro.

MONDAY, OCTOBER l4, 1861
This is a pretty day. I weave a yard and half, then pick the geese. James helps me, he is not well, he can pick first rate. We have lived together l8 years and the first time he even picked geese. What won’t the wars cause to be done. Mother goes by the shop to get some shop work done. I set up Maria Jane's stockings for her to knit. James quills and reads the news at night.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1861
Up before daylight, get breakfast, then write some. Marion McKinley goes to Austin for the paper. Not much war news. Cloudy this morning, not quite so cold. I am some better, I am in hopes of getting well. Maria Jane comes. Here comes Marion with the papers. This is a pretty day, now it clouds up and looks like rain.

FRIDAY. OCTOBER l8, 1861
I weave this morning awhile, then I suds out yarn and color my red for my flannel. Mother goes by to Catherines, then her and Catherine comes to warp. Some clouds but clearing off. James grinds one kettle of cane juice this evening to boil to morrow.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1861
Marion boils his molasses this morning. Cool and cloudy. John W. Everhart comes with a jug for molasses. Maria Jane goes for grapes. Olivia Griffith comes and stays all night. I sew, make little Jimmy a new pair of breeches and wamis, then I patch some clothes, babe very cross. The boys goes to Griffith's, comes home late.

End of page 57

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1861
A big muster at Paris to day. James goes, Marion takes the wagon, takes me and Maria Jane to the burying of Joseph Daisly. Tommy Jones comes and brings a letter from George Bovard. I received a letter from Nancy Petro to day. I go to mother’s. We got news of a dreadful battle, Balls Bluff or Edward Ferry on the Potomac laat Monday and a wild cat battle in Kentucky the same day the federals whipped the rebels.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1861
This is a beautiful day. James takes the wagon, takes me and Maria Jane to Gilead to meeting. Marion walked and went to Gilead, the Campbellites are holding a meeting at the school house now. Getting cloudy. Frank, Ethe and Margy all comes to mother’s to day, they went home by Catherine’s to get their flannel.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1861
James and Marion goes to work at the cane to making lasses. I weave, cloudy, cool looks like rain. Morrisons still grind cane here on our mill. I am not well and never will be again, too slck to work but have to work too hard.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1861
Cool and cloudy, I weave in all my blue filling then cut out my blue jeans--19 1/2 yards. Mr. Stevens goes by, Mr. Griffith has a cabbage cutting tonight. Marion, Maria Jane and Freeman goes.

NOVEMBER 1861

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1861
Oh, how sick last night I was. Could not sleep much, am not much better yet. Mother comes by going to Christians. Marion goes to Charley Byfield to hear from the killed boys but does not hear. We think it is untrue and hope it is, the war is raging, no signs of ending soon. Many getting killed.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1861
I am too sick for any use, but have to work. I am so light headed, most heart broken, know not what to do. I never will be well I am afraid. We are talking of going out to Nancy’s but I keep so sick that I won’t get to go. Mother was here to day, brought me some apple butter and had on her new flannel dress. They have a corn husking. to night at paps. James and boys have gone and Maria Jane but I am right sick to night. I write some in my almanac to night. George and Aby parches them some corn. James and boys dug potatoes, they have 25 bushel now. Marion worked on the roads until noon to day.

End of page 58

WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 14, 1861
I am somebetter. I cut out some sewing, thinking of taking a visit out to Nancy Petro's next Saturday. Lloyd Griffith comes to bring us a piece of beef. I sew at James new pants. James goes to Jonathan Everhart's with Jimmy’s boots. Oh how it rains.

TUESDAY NOVEMBER 19, 1861
Up early getting ready to start home. I begin to think of home quite often--afraid some of them are sick. I am right poorly this morning, cannot hardly ride in the wagon but get better. We have chicken and kraut pie, cake and lots of good things for breakfast. We bid them good-by then we started for home at sun rise. Cool air gets cloudy, looks like rain, does come a storm at night after we get home.

THURSDAY NOVEMBER 21, 1861
Yesterday was a day to be remembered. We went to Gilead to the Soldiers meeting but the sesech was too much for us. I took my blandet [blanket?], there was one more there but we brought it home with us again, the devil is loose there. Today, Mrs. Griffith comes to spool and warp her linen. I hem my flannel and take through what I can. Getting cloudy with cool air. I am not very well this evening.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1861
this is rainy Friday, for certain. How it storms. James starts for Austin but will have to turn back, so here he comes very wet, how the wind blows, the rain pours down. I start my flannel to weaving. I weave a yard, it weaves tolerable good, hut I have so much work to do I am most troubled to death.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1861
This is a cold raw day. I weave a yard and then help the boys bury the turnips and beets. James starts to look for the calves then hurrys home, goes to Frankfort to the election, comes home late, tired and cold. We do not hear of much news, but no battles for awhile.

SUNDAY NOVEMBER 24, 1861
James goes to Gilead to meeting, class meeting. Very cold and disagreeable, bad, cloudy day. Mother comes, I am not well and never will be well anymore but some day I have some hopes of being better, but better than worse.

End of page 59

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1861
This is Thanksgiving Day. Maria Jane and mother goes to the Chapel to meeting hut I am rjght sick. Very cloudy. Mrs. Hoard comes and stays all day with me, James goes to the
Chapel, Eastman preaches. I am right sick, not well enough to work, but knit some and get dinner.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1861
Some cooler. I cut out, sewing 8 pairs of jeans pants and 5 jackets then begin to feel chilly, take the ague in my breast, have a chill at night, right sick. Robert Foster is married to day to Mrs. Cox a widow. How the snow pours down. Charley Byfield comes to get his note fixed. I am trying to sew some.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 186l
This is not so cold, but enough yet, but the sun shines bright. I am hurrying to get the flannel. I weave three and one half yesterday. Mary Morrison comes. I get the flannel out against 2 o’clock. I send Catherine the reed.

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1861
We get up early this morning. I go to mother's, take my flannel to suds out in the rain water. I am right sick. Mrs. Griffith comes to warp her linsy. I get so sick I have to go to bed much pain in my head. Mother comes awhile. James digs some roots to make me some tea. Oh cloudy and warm. I am very sick.

SATURDAY DECEMBER 14, 1861
This is a pretty day. James goes to Wooster to mill to get our flour that has been there for a week. Marion goes to the scliool house to help fix it for school. The children goes to Jonathan Everharts to get their feet measured for shoes. I am not very well. I sew and darn stockings. Margy comes with James and Maria Jane to stay all night.

SUNDAY DECEMBER 15, 1861
Oh what a pretty Sunday. This clear warm sun shines. I stay home all day. Mother and Catherine comes by this evening. Maria Jane went to Morrison's. We received two letters yesterday from the war, one from George Bovard and one from Josiah Tobias--they are well.

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1861
Oh how troubled and vexed all day, everything goes wrong. I commence washing ihen here comes Jones and Matilda. Catherine’s little girl is very sick she sends for me. Leave the dinner cooking and Matilda to tend it. No stove wood, oh how everything is upside down when I want to be smart. I go to Catherine's then hurry back to get dinner then Jones goes mill for his buckwheat flour.

End of page 60

[1862 is missing--we skip to 1863. Sarah has had no more babies but the family has moved nearby to a new house.]

THURSDAY, JANUARY 9, 1863 [The 9th was a Friday.]
Snowing this morning, now the sun shines, the snow melts fast. We are all well but babe, he has a bad cold. I sew Freeman’s coat and jacket. Three weeks ago to day since we moved in our new house. James goes to Austin to day for the dai1y paper.

SUNDAY, JANUARY 11, 1863
Some cloudy. I go to mother’s left babe home with James. Christian and Maria was there, William comes, John Butts, his mother, wife and children was there. Oh, how he spluttered speech, talk felt large as a bull trying to horn but his horns too short so he licked his tongue, being his teeth short.

TIIURSDAY, JANUARY 15, 1863
Mother was to have a turkey roast to day but _____ could not come so the roast was put off. The snow is two feet deep, still snowing, all day. I go to mother’s, sew for her at George’s shirt. James comes, helps me home. I wade knee deep. Oh the poor sheep and cattle--how cold. The creek shall be high.

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1863
Cloudy and cool. We make our sausage and rendered our lard. Catherine comes, gets some meat, babe crying, right sick. James complains, not well. 1 complain too but that’s nothing new.
FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1863
I washed a large washing then scrub both houses. Babe right sick. I have a very sore throat. James husks corn awhile, goes to the wood chopping then comes home, hauls in what he had husked, Marion wants to go to the infair dinner at Alexander Mayfield’s but don’t go. Getting some warmer, rains at night.

MONDAY JANUARY 26, 1863
Rains all day to day. James cleans out the stables. I sew, all are well but babe, it is some better. Catherine goes by to mother’s, then they both come by and stop awhile. I cut out my bonnet. George Young is sick. Another sesech meeting at the school house. James does not go.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 30, 1863
Cloudy, cold windy day. Marion goes to help chop wood at Chris’. James makes an ax handle--he is some better. Mother was out here last night awhile. Here she comes going to Cris’. I cannot go--too cold to take out babe. I sew at James coat.
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End of page 61

SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1863
Not so cold to today, but cloudy. I finish James coat and make Jimmy a new pair of hreeches. Catherine comes by and I go with her to Mother's for milk. K. comes, stayed until after night. Marion vorked for Cris to day, he went with John to the sesech meeting last night, they think they are very smart.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1863
Very cold, the ground frozen hard. James and Marion gathers corn. Joseph Belch comes for James to go to Frankfort to a soldier burying to morrow. Mother comes awhile. James goes over to Morrisons. I go to Morrisons, stay until bed time. James and Andrew goes to the school house to a sesech meeting.

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 3, 1863
We got home last night at 12 o'clock. Snowing very hard, quite cold this morning. James goes to Frankfort to the burying. Too cold to work. Maria Jane is sick. John comes awhile, mother went to ____ to see the dead soldier. Catherine comes for the spools.

WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1863
Oh very cold. We are all tolerable well but Maria Jane. James and Marion tries to husk corn but too cold then they chop wood. Maria Jane went to school to day, then comes home sick at noon with her fever and sore throat. Cloudy looks like snow. This is Maria Jane’s birthday, she is 14. Terrible exciting times. Fighting, brawling, scowling, sneering, fearing and crying. War, war, war, war, war, war.

THURSDAY FEBRUARY 5, 1863
Oh come and see, oh to the window, get up boys, the snow is peppering down. Fix the sleigh--lets have a ride. 8 inches deep and more a failing, Hurrah!!! Come to a warm breakfast. Maria Jane some better. I knit some. James and. Marion cuts and hauls wood. John comes by and gets Marion to go to Jac. Tobias to a dance.

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1863
This is Olivers birthday. He would have been 18 to day but he is not with us to share our troubles, but is at rest. Warm this morning. I go over to Mrs. Griffith’s a few minutes. Isaac goes by, mother and I warp her jeans for her. Catherine comes. James, Andy Miller comes, they have been coon hunting, catched one. Cloudy and muddy. Marion goes to work for William.

End of page 62

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1863
The ground frozen this morning. I do a very big washing of clothes, mother comes awhile. James goes, cuts a coon tree then builds me an ash hopper. I have to make soap. Very muddy, the sun shines then goes under a cloud. Mary and Andrew Morrison comes and stays till bed time. The children comes home from school. James goes to mother’s for milk. Maria Jane better.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1863
I commence making soap this morning. Aby right sick with sore throat and head ache. Maria Jane goes to school to day. Rainy and still raining at 12 o’clock. I am writing, babe crying, James singing, the soap boiling, and Jimmy and Charley playing top. Aby very sick. James goes after the children at school. Still raining.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1863
Raining very hard at daybreak this morning. James takes Maria Jane to school this morning. Two more lambs, now there is 5 lambs. I am boiling soap and writing. Very foggy and misty rain. James goes to Morrisons to make a flax break.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1863
I have the head ache this morning but I boil soap. Get a good kettle of soap. I spin tow. James goes back to Morrisons to finish the break. My throat is very sore. I have a chill and hot fever. George is sick.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1863
I am some better. What a beautiful Sabbath day. Mother goes by to Christian’s. Catherine comes, brings Maria Jane a valentine. My throat very sore, and getting worse.

MONDAY FEBRUARY 16, 1863
Maria Jane goes to sehool. I am right sick. Maria Jane goes by to Christian’s. Charly Griffith comes. I dry some flax by the fire, then James breaks some. I hackle it out. Very muddy, warm sun, cool wind. I am very sick. I have another chill.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1863
Cloudy and warm. I am some better, I set up all day and spin some tow. Marion and John goes by to mother’s to cut wood and eat roasted turkey. James goes to mill then cuts some wood. Marion and Kay goes to the Chapel to meeting. Oh how the wind blows at night. Maria Jane and Aby went to mother’s.

End of page 63

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1863
James had to go to mother’s for Aby and Maria Jane last night, then mended Jimmy’s boots this morning. He goes to cut wood for Ethe Peacock. Mother and Margy comes, stays all day, cool wind warm sun. Little Jimmy gets very sick has a fit at noon and one at night at 10 o’clock. James and I set most all night with him. I feel very tired this evening. Cherry has a young calf.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1863
This is another beautiful day. James swingles out the flax. 60 handfulls. I hackle it--5 and three of tow. I spin. Maria Jane washed then went to school. Getting cloudy this evening. The boys boils sugar water. Babe very cross, cried all the time.

FRIDAY FEBRUARY 27, 1863
Maria spins some flax, then goes to school. I stir off 17 pounds of sugar. James takes up the flax. He went to Jonathans this morning with corn--8 bushels--45c a bushel. Catherine comes to twist some thread. I am not well. Marion some better.

THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1863
Cloudy, looks like snow. James and Freeman is husking corn. Marion has tugged off to school with Maria Jane. Here comes Mr. Terrill and boy, get a lamb to pet. Mr. Griffith comes this morning before we was up to get James to help gather corn. Oh how 1ate we sleep. The children cries so much at night and there is so much work to do. Babe so cross and sick. So much war trouble. I am writing then I am going to spin flax to day.

SATURDAY, MARCH 7, 1863
This morning I try to get some work done but cannot get much done. Here comes mother, here comes Lucy and Johnny Ternill. Oh what trouble I do have. Here comes Andy and Ivan. James has gone to get some bark to bottom some chairs. I spin Marion and Maria Jane goes to William’s.

FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 1863
Mother comes to mind the babe until I wash. James breaks flax. We have 40 weight ready to hackel. Maria Jane better, babe very cross. I wash, then scrub. Am very tired at night. Not much war news of importance. The talk is more men to be drafted. Cotton yarn--55c per dozen. These are times to try mens souls and women too.

End of page 64

SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1863
Cool pleasant morning. My little Charlie L. took sick last night, crazy hot fever. James goes to Lexington to pay his tax. Charly has a fit I send for Mary Morrison to come. Mother comes awhile, Catherine goes by, stops. Andy comes, Marion goes to mill then to chapel to meeting.

MONDAY, MARCH 16, 1863
This is another beautiful day. James and boys gather corn. I go to Mrs. Griffith's take home her wash board, see her toul [tulle?] lining. She was weaving. I come home and hackle flax and get dinner. Charly better, Maria Jane some better. James fixes for town tomorrow.

THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1863
Rains all day, thunders, mother comes awhile. Charly right sick, lame arm. Marion goes to Balsers to see if the doctor is there to come down here. I hackle flax, no war news of importance. The Butternuts is getting very saucy in Indiana and Ohio.

FRIDAY, MARCH 20, 1863
I finish hackling. Think of washing but do not. I have 16 pounds of hackled flax. We are looking for Aunt Julia Roseberry. Mother comes awhile. Still raining. James gone tonight. Charly verysick--hot fever.

SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 1863
Cloudy, James goes to cutting wood. I go over to Mary Morrison for some garden seeds, get our cotton seeds. James goes to Wooster to a muster. I am out of humor. When I come home I scrub the floors. Clears off, warm sun, the birds are singing. Little Charly is very sick.

MONDAY, MARCH 30, 1863
Beautiful day. James and boys hauls wood. Charly is right sick. Maria Jane goes around with her school article. I go to Gilead at night to meeting. The moon shines bright. We had a good meeting. The boys found a bott1e. Ruth Young is sick with eyerciplas.

TUESDAY, MARCH 31, 1863
Oh, dear what a blustery day. James goes to Frankfort for medicine then goes to Jones then to Austin for the paper. Mary Morrison comes awhile. The doctor calls to see Charly. Maria Jane went to meeting. Stayed all night with Morrison’s. James gets home late and cold. I spin some flax--can’t get any work done. So much trouble. Marion McKinley starts to work for James Spear. Four months--commence tomorrow.

End of page 65

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1, 1863
This is a beautiful day, but right cold. Here comes Maria Jane. We have late breakfast, here comes the preacher, then here comes Catherine going to mother’s. I spin. Little Charly is very cross and sick. Ruth very sick. James goes over for the papers, stays until midnight. I drive a nail in the door latch last night but did not succeed. The thief got in at the window. Oh what a time.

THURSDAY, APRIL 2, 1863
James plows the garden. Oh how cold the wind blows. Mother goes by to Crises. We plant some onions and the roots. Maria Jane goes around with the article to day. She has l0 1/2 signed. Cold and cloudy. Looks like for snow.

SATURDAY, APRIL 4, 1863
This is a beautiful, morning. Maria Young comes for tow. Catherine comes with some thread. We put a skirt in to quilt for Maria Jane. Mother goes by to the speaking and James makes some garden then goes to the Butternut speaking. Dr. McClure speaks. Eliza Morrison comes to quilt. I make right smart of garden to day. Plant peas, beans, radishes, onions, beets, and rhubarb. What a pretty evening. Today we received a letter from George Bovard. He is in the 18 Ohio [Regiment].

SUNDAY, APRIL 5, 1863
Charly not much better. I go over to see Mr. Terrill, he is some better. This is a beautiful Sunday. This is Easter. We have lots of cooked eggs. James stays home with the children. The Gilead Sabbath School commenced to day, there was class meeting. Getting cloudy, looks like rain. Babe and Charly are very cross this evening.

MONDAY, APRIL 6, 1863
Cold this morning, very cold. James goes to the Election to Frankfort. We spin and work at our carpet rags. Charly very sick, his poor sore arm. He has a chill every day, hot fever at night. I cannot get much work done. We set a goose to day. Not much war news of importance.

TUESDAY, APRIL 7, 1863
James goes to Wooster with my wheel, then to Austin for the paper, gets home late with my wheel, paid one dollar for to get it fixed. Mrs. Griffith comes awhile. I go this afternoon to see Ruth Young--she is no better. There was plenty of swearing, the Butternuts think they know it all. There was some fight at Austin yesterday.

End of page 66

THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1863
This a beautiful day. I commence boiling soap then go at mother’s. She is complaining, then I come home, build some fence and smoke the meat, only 10 joints to smoke. I spin some then write some. Maria Jane goes for milk to mother’s. The woods pasture is burning over. Ruth some better but William and two of the girls are sick. Little Charly very sick to day again. I write in my almanac.

FRIDAY, APRIL 10, 1863
This is a beautifül day. There is a cool air stirring. James goes to paps to a log rolling. I spin and boil soap, then take babe and go to mother’s. Little Charly very cross and sick. Maria Jane quilts. Catherine and children goes by to mother’s. Charly’s arm is very sore, cough very bad.

TUESDAY, APRIL 14, 1863
Cloudy, sprinkles rain right smart. I go to mother’s, take the salk [sulky?] home get some vinegar. James goes to Phillips rolling. The Butternuts had a meeting last night at the Franklin School house and Isaac Mayfield had a Union one at McClain School house. Great times now days, the Union men have gained the Election. We commence taking the Daily again. Griffith pays part and goes part of the time. 75c for six weeks. We have plenty of war news. Charleston attacked but our men refused. Not much loss. What slow work we have. The rebels are very saucy.

THURSDAY, APRIL 16, 1863
Pleasant this morning. I commence washing, get done against noon. Then go and get bark to color. We boils soap and smoke meat. Char1y some better. I make some garden and am very tired this evening. Alice Tobias comes, stays all night. Mother and John comes awhile at night. I boiled the bark, ready for coloring. We cut and sew all the rags that we can. We have 40 weight ready. General Burnside has issued very important order. The traitors will have to look wild or they will find themselves over on Jeffrys side.

SUNDAY, APRIL 19, 1863
I find myself in the bed and under the bed this morning then I try to get up but have to work hard. Raining very hard. We have breakfast late. Griffith comes for the paper. Clears off, sun shining, more pleasant this afternoon. Mother goes by to William’s. I read and write some. Little Charly seems some better to day. The peach trees are loaded with blossoms. We are thankful for the blessings we receive.

End of page 67

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 22, 1863
James starts to Austin this morning for the paper. Cloudy but the sun shines some of the time. Mother comes awhile and James gets back at 2 o’clock brings me a letter from Euphemia Smith. We make James a new pair of pants then warp 45 yards of carpet. Dark when I get done warping. John goes by. We have lots of war news in Indiana, two Union men were killed in riot and rebel mobs in Brown county.

THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 1863
Now I go to weaving carpet, weave 5 yards, go to Quick Creek a fishing, get nine fish. The two Mrs. Everharts comes. I pay Sarah Ann $l.50 for schooling. Mrs. Griffith and Maria Young comes. The two doctors and wives comes out to fish. Mother goes. I go to the Mrs. Griffith’s to do some mending.

FRIDAY, APRIL 24, 1863
What a beautiful morning. I gather a mess of greens then wash the wool. Warm sun, the wind is stirring briskly. Catherine comes. I get done washing the wool then we go over to Quick Creek a fishing. We caught 10 fish. James plows for corn. Little Charly most well.

SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1863
This is a beautiful morning. I go and plant the cotton seed. Mother comes by. James plows. I sow some cabbage seed and then go to mother’s. Maria Jane washes and irons the clothes. The wool is most dry ready to pick. We are all well as common. My work most troubles me to death.

TUESDAY, MAY 5, 1863
Too wet to plant. James goes to Austin for the paper, comes home, goes to mill. I weave 5 yards then go to Watson’s wool picking. Dan drunk as a crazy goose, he tries to get James to eat supper but cannot. There was one would be a lady had on a butternut. Very cool, cloudy, cool enough for frost, the fruit trees are loaded with fruit.

SUNDAY, MAY l0, 1863
O what a lovely morning. We are all well and thankful. Lloyd Griffith comes says Mr. Hoard is sick. James goes over to see him, get home too late for meeting. Catherine comes then her and me and Mrs. Griffith goes to see Mr. Hoard--he is better. Dark when we get home.

THURSDAY, MAY 14, 1863
This is a beautiful day to go to town. Isaac drives the wagon paps horses and our wagon. Mother and I go, get to town by 2 o’clock. Very cool wind with hot sun. Babe seems to do well. We stay at Mrs. Claflins all night. We take supper and breakfast. Carpet dull sale. James plows for corn and I plants some peas.

End of page 68

SUNDAY, MAY 17, 1863
Oh how lovely this blessed Sabbath morning. We are all well. Maria Jane goes to Sunday School. John Young brought us some fish this morning. Tommy Jones comes. James is reading the Bible. I am writing in my almanac. Maria Jane gets home late. War oh miserable war death even when distress. Oh Lord forgive our many sins and save us all in heaven.

TUESDAY, MAY 19, 1863
This a beautiful day. Maria Jane irons the clothes. I finish spooling my linen. Mother goes by to Crisis, then on to a wool picking. Wilson Morrison comes and asks me and Maria Jane to a picking to Wilkersons this afternoon. We get dinner. James is plowing for corn, the ground is very hard, needs rain. Louisa Reed is teaching school, commenced yesterday.

WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1863
I warp my linen then beam it, get it through the gears. This is a beautiful day. My garden is full of weeds. Our flax and potatoes looks well. The Butternuts talk largely, wear them for a sign for old Jeff Devil.

THURSDAY, MAY 21, 1863
Now I put my linen through the reed, commence weaving, it goes first rate then I go to mother’s, get the temples fixed, get a scolding from mame but I pick some wool and come home. James and I saw a light last a jack-o-lantern.

SUNDAY, MAY 24, 1863
What a beautiful day. Maria goes to Catherines. James and I stay at home all day reading the Bible, papers and books. Oh what trouble we do have. I long to see the day of rest. Marion is a disobedient boy he is off some place. Remember us Lord in our many troubles.

THURSDAY, MAY 28, 1863
I sew awhile at Maria Janes dress, then go to mother’s. I pick wool till three o’clock. We finish boiling soap today, have more than a barrel. Mary Smith and Catherine was at mother’s, cooked turkey. The men are warned to work on the road tomorrow and next day.

SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1863
Still cloudy and rainy. I sew awhile then James and I go take a ride to meeting, get home at one o’clock. Sprinkles rain. Very cloudy and warm. Then James goes with Morrisons a sein fishing and get his breeches full. Now we have lots of bones and not much fish. Marion worked on road to day.

End of page 69

SUNDAY, MAY 31, 1863
Oh how the rain is falling. Maria and Tilda, poor things they wanted to show off fine but the rain hindered but they go. James and Marion walk. Now the sun shines but still cloudy. I stay with the children and cook fish. We have news that there has been fighting all last week at Vicksburg but not taken yet. We have lost 5000 men, oh terrible how many more we cannot tell. Lord, bring this war to a close.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 1863
This is a beautiful day. I weave 2 1/2 yards on my linen, then take babe and go over to Mrs. Phillips. She is sick--some better. James helps me a piece of the way and comes and helps me home. Cool, clear evening. Mother comes out awhile.

SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 1863
To day I finish my dress. Maria Jane irons the clothes. Tommy Jones comes and stays all night. Catherine goes by to mother's. The Butternuts are going toward the flats this evening with guns on their shoulders. Some devilment. I am fire mad. I am ready for gutting Old Jeff.

SUNDAY, JUNE 7, 1863
This is a beautiful Sabbath morning. Here we go to the Chapel to meeting. Never can go without double trouble. Joe Elinger is married there to day. We stopped at Thompsons for dinner then on to Gilead to meeting. Morton very cross, not well. We get home late.

MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1863
Tlice cool morning. I go to mother’s for some currants, then I go over to see Mrs. Miller, get home at two o'clock, bake light loaf bread. Looking for visitors tomorrow. We bake some pies. I cut a linen shirt for James and sew some at it. James moves the fence around the orchard.

THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 1863
This morning we work in the garden, set out cabbage and tomato plants. I work till noon in the garden. I am trying to keep the boys at their books then sew at James linen shirt. I finish it. Catherine comes by. John Young goes by, brings us a letter from Nancy Petro.

FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 1863
No rain, this is a beautiful day. I get the linen out against noon. Catherine comes to warp, then we go to see Mrs. Phillips, comes back and warps 20 yards of linen for pants. Getting cloudy, blows up cool. We are all tolerable well.

End of page 70

TUESDAY, JUNE 23, 1863
This is a pretty morning. I sent and get the saddle and go to Mrs. Belches for my thread. Very cloudy and warm. I get home before 5 o'clock. Maria Jane kept the babe. James and boys hoed the cane patch. Great excitment about volunteers.

THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 1863
James goes to the carding machine and mill to Landors [Landon's?]--takes 11 bushels, 9 of wheat and 2 of corn. I get my yarn home and one bunch of rolls--28 pounds of yarn. Good James get home at 4 in the evening. Done several choring for the neighbors, such as bringing their rolls and taking wool.

SUNDAY, JUNE 28, 1863
Oh how thankful we feel this morning for the many blessings we receive at the hand of God. Help us to trust Thee at all times. James has gone to Gilead to class meeting. Maria J. has gone to Catherines, and Melville has gone to S. School. Been raining this morning but has quit. Babe some better.

TUESDAY, JUNE 30, 1863
We gather some cherries. We have plenty--the trees are red. I make Jelly and preserves. Maria J. washes the clothes and then goes to mothers awhile. I spin some flax thread for my linen. I have 20 cuts to spin. I go to Mrs. Griffiths a few minutes. Oh what pest these flies are. We have a fly trap. I kill a thousand and more and a million left to trouble us. And the rebels are alike--all need killing.

THURSDAY, JULY 2, 1863
Catherine comes to finish picking cherries. I spin and get done. James goes over to help Andy finish cutting wheat then sows his buckwheat. I boil out my thread and sew at George’s shirt. Oh, what a warm day. Lloyd Griffith comes for to see if Maria Jane will go to Retreat next Sunday, but she will not go, I know.

TUESDAY, JULY 7, 1863
This is a pleasant morning. James and I goes with the children to pulling flax. We finish pulling this evening. I am about give out. Maria Jane cooks chicken and spins 8 cuts. Sprinkles rain.

THURSDAY, JULY 9, 1863
We got news last night that Vicksburg is surrendered. The cannons fired all around. Miller comes and brings the paper. _________Morrison died this morning at Mt. Sterling. James plows then hauls some flax. Now the home guards is called and he leaves at 5 o’clock. Oh how lonesome we are this evening--James gone. I cut out the boys linen pants to day.

End of page 71

FRIDAY, JULY 10, 1863
Misty foggy. Very warm last night, but some cooler this morning. I hoe awhile. The boys goes to plowing corn and mother comes and spins some thread. I go to Catherines and take the flour home then I go over to Mary Morrisons. The soldiers going by tell me James is in a fight by this time. Morgan raid is in Indiana, cutting up high, stealing horses and burning property and scaring people to death and some they shoot. They are reported at six thousand strong. Mostly cavalry, thieves and murderers.

SUNDAY, JULY 12, 1863
What a curious looking morning. Oh how smoky, looks like the world was on fire. Morgan thief has not got here yet, the babe is sick. Sal Morrison and Mrs. Griffith stayed here last night. Set up all night. The Rebels went through yesterday. Today the Union troops goes through on the hunt of them. 4000 of them.

MONDAY, JULY 13, 1863
Babe some better. I hoe in the garden then sew. Thunders and looks like rain. We hear cannons firing. The rebels reported coming to steal his portion. What a panic amoungst the women and children. Oh when will this wicked rebellion be put down, that peace will once more be restored, the union safe from trouble.

TUESDAY, JULY 14, 1863
Looks like rain. Maria J. and Lu Reed goes with Mrs. Griffith to Olivia Doughty. Mary Morrison comes now. How the rain pours down. The boys plows corn. Do not know
where James is hunting after Old Morgan, the thief. Babe better.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 15 1863
Marion comes home last evening, is mowing this morning. I am very sick--take a chill go to bed and have a very hot fever. Lu Reed is here. Maria Jane washed the clothes, the doctor comes, leaves medicine. Mother and Cathy is here. I am crazy as a bug.

THURSDAY, JULY 16, 1863
I am a little better this morning, not able to sit up. The girls irons the clothes. Mrs. Reed and Mary Morrison comes and Mrs. Griffith and the boys plows corn. Marion goes to Paris to see Matilda Foster. John Young comes.

End of page 72

FRIDAY, JULY 17, 1863
This is a pleasant morning, but I am not able to work, am not much better. Mother goes by to Catherines. James gets home at two o’clock. I am very sick. I have been puking. Oh how glad we are that he has got home.

SUNDAY, JULY 19, 1863
I am not so well to day. This is a beautiful morning. Marion goes to Paris with K. Young. Mary and Andrew Morrison comes with Maria Jane--she gets dinner then her and her pap goes to meeting and Mary stays with me. Mother coines awhile--I am very sick. Almost smothered to death. I drink a cup of tea. The old Morgans thief is reported to be in Ohio with thousands of troops after him. Marion comes and says Tilda is no better.

TUESDAY, JULY 21, 1863
Cool but still looks like rain. James cleans his gun. Marion complains of being sick. I am better after having such a sick spell last evening. I am trying to write some and sewing at the boys shirts. The flies bites. Part of Morgans thieves have been taken prisoners. The rest have gone to the mountains. Hawkins comes to summon James on the jury next week.

MONDAY, JULY 27, 1863
Last night the home guards was called out to guard the roads. The report is more rebels, sneaking about trying to get away. I go this morning to Mr. Wilson's store. James does not go to Lexington but mows grass for Andy Morrison. I go over in the evening to see the sick babe. Mrs. Griffith was here this morning. John stops in the evening. I bought me a pair of shoes some check and muslin. Freeman went with me. Cloudy with hot sun.

TUESDAY, JULY 29, 1863
I go to mother's for two jugs to fill with berries. Catherine comes. We pick berries then comes a hard rain. I fill one jug. I cut out a dress and two aprons and Maria Jane a sack. Marion very grunty lays in bed most all of the time.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 14, 1863
Oh, this morning I am out of heart, but I sent and get mother’s saddle to go to Deborah's. Now the drums are beating for volunteers. Now James and Marion goes to the school house. I get to Deborah’s at ten o’clock take dinner with her, then go to Ethe's. Here comes Marion, says Jimmy is worse. I hurry home.

End of page 73

SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1863
Oh how warm. James is going to join the six month regiment. Mrs. Griffith comes to help me sew in the afternoon. We finished the boys linen pants now. Comes a storm of rain and wind. Ethe comes to mother’s. James joined the Vanpelt company. Now he will be gone six months.

TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 1, 1863
This is quite a cool morning. Here goes James and I to town. Oh, what a beautiful day. We go right along, have no trouble get to town against 2 o’clock. We stay at Mrs. Claflins, get plenty to eat, Paid 60c for breakfast and bed. We took a keg of lard, got 9c a pound, 60c for our sheep pelt and 36c for feathers.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1863
Here we are in town, good markets, plenty of everything to sell. Money plenty--that is greenbacks. I buy several things then we get our likeness taken. Little Morton is so nice. James and mine looks well enough. We paid $1.75 for to get them. Cotton yarn is 44c per dog, coffee 35c lb., calico 18 to 20c a yard.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1863
Now I get in the loom determined to start my linen but what, Catherine goes by to mother’s. Here comes Mr. Jones, stays until after dinner, buys our Charly horse for $105.00. I have the tooth ache. James pulled my tooth then Catherine and I go to see Mrs. Angeline Peacock. She is better. Very cloudy.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1863
To day I start my linen, weave 2 yards. The boys picks apples at mother’s. James works the roads. Clear beautiful day with warm sunshine. James has to go to North Vernon Wednesday to a three day drill.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1863
To night we have a little apple cutting. I go to mother’s then go over to Mrs. Griffith’s a few minutes. Getting cloudy, thundering. Here comes Nancy Smith and mother to my apple cutting and Catherine. We have a good time, but by midnight we have a heavy storm and storms all night.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1863
Oh how stormy. Here goes James for Vernon right in the hard storm and thunder and lightning. Rains on until 10. Then clears away. I go to Mother’s a few minutes, then home. Go over to Mary Morrisons. I make some peach preserves.

End of page 74

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1863
Cool and cloudy. Now what a time have filling jars with peaches. Here comes James. Didn’t have to stay. Too rainy. I am glad he has come home. We take a walk over to the corn, get some potatoes.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1863
To day I scour out 14 dozen of yarn for flannel and jeans to day. Ethe’s property is praised. Mother goes out there. Cloudy looks like rain. I take babe and go to Catherines to see my linen towels she is weaving for me.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1863
Rainy this day. James reels yarn for me. I try to weave but too damp. I patch, then go to mother’s. Set a blue dye for her. Catherine comes, brings my piece of towels home. 12 yards, she gets 4 yards. Maria J. spins. Turning cooler, we don’t have much news now days, we don’t take the daily.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1863
James and I go to the Chapel to hear Frank Peacock’s funeral, hut the preacher did not come. He is sick. Cloudy, sprinkles rain.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1863
To day is a great battle. Cold enough to snow. Cloudy, heavy frost then clears off. I cook peaches and make quince preserves. Maria Jane spins. I am not very well. I go to Mrs. Griffith’s a few minutes. James takes the colts to Mr. Mitchell. Sold for $58.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1863
This is a beautiful day. I spool my blankets and warp them then get my blue dye and go to mother’s for the dye. I reel some. I have too much work to do. I am not very well. Mary Morrison comes in the evening.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1863
Now I have a good dye. I color my blue for my flannel, get a good color. Mrs. Griffith comes to warp her jeans. Mary Morrison comes for peaches. I sell her a bushel for 50c per bushel. I go to mother’s get some yarn.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1863
This is a beautiful day. Ethe is moving to mother’s. I color, finish my flannel. Maria Jane spins. Mother comes then I go to mother’s in the evening. Get her dye stuff. Set the dye for her. I go to Griffiths to help her with the jeans.

End of page 75

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1863
Here comes mother to finish coloring. I iron the clothes and make some quince preserves, and cut out some of my linen--l0 yards. I work so hard to day that I am very tired. James goes to muster. Freeman and Melville goes to Jones to stay all night. I set up and sew till 10 o’clock. Make a new linen sheet. O for more of the love of God in our hearts that we may sing praises with loud voice, trusting in God our Savior.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1863
Now we get up early at three o’clock. James off before daylight. I go to mother's to the pedlar with two chickens and one dozen and 9 eggs. Beautiful day. Caroline and Eliza comes awhile. I spin and color my green for my flannel. Marion and Freeman helps pap to thrash wheat. Mother comes and stays all night. I sew some for her.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1863
Raining this morning. I finish spinning my check flannel and then warp and hackel some flax. Rains all day. James has a rainy time, gets home at 8 A.M. Aby right sick--has a chill. Maria Jane missed her chill to day. She has been sick.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1863
Damp and cool. I wash a large washing of clothes then go to mother’s to read the daily paper. I hurry home. Aby right sick, another chill. Catherine goes by to mothers. Snow and cold.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1863
This cloudy cold sabbath morning, yes all day. Mother goes by to Crises. Marion puts off somewhere. The Copperheads meets in the woods up at Cat Wallow. M. Byfields tried to kill an abolitionist. Everhard all drunk. I stay home all day, read in the Bible. Looks like snow.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1863
Still cold. I weave 5 yards on linen to day. Catherine comes for some rhubarb. Marion commence to work for Chris Young this morning ror one month at $15.00. James and boys still cutting corn. I am hurrying to get some work done but get along slow.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 6. 1863
Very cold. James goes to Frankfort for medicine for Aby, he has a chill every day. I weave 3 yards, get the linen out against noon. Then beam my flannel, take it through the gears then take mother’s flour home. James is sowing some wheat.

End of page 76

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1863
To day is damp and cloudy. I weave 4 yards. Ethe comes, Mother goes to Crises to make cider. We get a letter from Nancy Petro. I suds out 8 dozen of white flannel chain to night. James reads the paper. The butternuts meet at Chapel to night.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1863
Today I weave 2 yards, size my flannel yarn, 22 yards. Mother comes I am boiling bark for to color my jean chain. James is sowing wheat in the old field. D. Thompson and Wesley Spear was here this morning. I commence spooling my white flannel this evening. Clear and cold.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1863
Cold with white frost and freezing for the last month. James goes to Gilead to meeting. I stay at home and read and write. We are looking for stirring times this week. The election is to corne off on Tuesday next. Lord help us to trust to thee for all good things. Remember us in these our troubles.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1863
James goes to the election. I go to see Mrs. Phillips. She is better. I get home before night and I fell in the creek. We sew at the boys britches and knit. James don’t get home till night. Mother makes kraut to day.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1863
Now I wash clothes. James sti11 hurrying to sow wheat. Freeman goes to Austin for the papers. Have glorious news--the Union men of Ohio are 50,000 ahead or more. Good! Good! I do rejoice. Shoot our old guns!!!!

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1863
To day I weave until noon then I make my kraut. Mother gets very mad, won't eat dinner with us. We have chicken. She gets done making molasses. Getting cloudy. James is sowing wheat.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1863
Now this is a cold raw day. I weave out my check flannel. Eliza Morrison comes for flour, gets 10 pounds. Here comes Marion in a great hurry, going to Tea Creek. Maria J. wants to go too. Maria J. and Freeman goes over to Griffiths to stay all night.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1863
I commence my white flannel. Get it started--32 yards. Mrs. Hoard comes.

End of page 77

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1863
This is another good day for work. Still working at our lasses. I weave six yards to day. Mr. Terrill brings the rest of his yarn to color. I will color to morrow red and blue. I boil ashes and get the dye for to morrow. I go to mothers for the kettle.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1863
I color my jeans yarn blue. Maria Jane goes to paps minds the children for Ethe until she goes to Frankfort. She washed the clothes in there yesterday then irons to day. Does not get home, stays all night.

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1863
I go out to Mr. Jones, found them all right. We get home late, found all well. Tilda Foster was here. McMahan preached at Gilead to day. Little Charly Lincoln puts on his new blue breeches for the first time. He is three years old, he is quite proud.

MONDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1863
We are all well. James and boys makes lasses. James whoops Griffith’ s kraut barrel. Mrs. Griffith comes to warp her linen, weave 5 yards. Cool and cloudy, looks like for rain.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1863
Rains all day. I weave then sew. James cuts wood and goes over after the paper. Maria Jane makes her new flannel dress. Oh how rainy. We have 65 bushels of potatoes in that patch--$1.00 a bushel.

SATURDAY OCTOBER 31, 1863
This is a very cold morning. I cook my preserves. Scrub both houses then finish picking my geese. Make Charly a new pair of pants. Maria goes over to Mrs. Terrills for one dozen yarn. Gets home late.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1863
I am not well this morning, pain in my breast. We bury our cabbage, apples and beets. I go to paps a few minutes to see if they are going to town. Catherine boils lasses to day. Mahala Smith comes helps me sew at my flannel dress. I am hurrying to go to town.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1863
Warm looks like rain. We are off to town early, get to town in good time, not quite dark. We stay at Mrs. Claflins, had to pay $1.20 for supper, breakfast and bed.

End of page 78

SATURDAY NOVEMBER 7, 1863
Here is Saturday. What a full market. Hurrah for the boat. Now we hear the whistle. Here comes mother. Has been to Ohio three weeks nearly. I buy Maria Jane a shawl--pay $6.50. I am so hurried that I cannot buy anything. Mrs. Nicely and mother rides out of town with us after night. When we get home we stopped at Aunt Julia’s.

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1863
Catherine and Maria Jane goes to mothers to hear the Ohio news. James goes to Morrisons. Sabine and Miller comes and Lloyd Griffith and Lela Tallman comes. We have chicken. Now this has been a beautiful day, but right cool. Now James and I go to mother’s a little while. We hear so much wickedness. Oh, that we could be good and religious.

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1863
The boys starts to school this morning. I hurry, get the flannel out then color my red flannel for the boys shirts, two pounds of madder and sixteen yards of flannel. Catherine goes by to mothers. Aby misses his chills now.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1863
James and Marion off to town. Mrs. Griffith comes to warp Hannah Watson’s flannel. Catherine comes, brings my blankets home, gets 16 pounds of beef. James took the hind quarters and hide to town. We kept the 4 quarters. Griffith got 12 pounds. Getting very cloudy. Sabina comes home with me and stays all night.

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1863
I take my jeans through the gears and reed. We have six bunches of rolls to spin yet, for stocking yarn. Very cold, too wet to make my pumpkin butter. Have to wait until Monday. Here comes James and Marion from town. It is seven o’clock. John Young goes by, and stops and eats supper with us.

MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1863
Now I cut out Marions red flannel shirts, sew and make some pumpkin butter. Mother comes and sets up the blue dye and colors her blue. James goes to Morrisons then home. Goes to Wooster and gets 12 apple trees.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1863
I weave all day. Ethe stays here all night. I go over to see Mary Morrison. Late when I get home. James does not come home to night. I am right sick with colick. Maria Jane washed the clothes then irons them at night.

End of page 79

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1863
Now I weave 4 yards, then cut out 2 1/2 for James a pair of pants. Maria Jane puts her skirt in the frames to quilt. Sabine Morrison comes to help her quilt. Here comes Lloyd Griffith and Marion.

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1863
This is a cool frosty morning. Now James takes the wagon and we go to the Chapel to meeting. Asbury Hester presiding elder preaches the 11 o’clock sermon. We come to D. Thompsons then home. I am not well but thankful that we are no worse.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1863
Mother has roasted turkey for Margaret. Quite a celebration, for mothers birthday, don’t want anybody but sesech to help eat it, not fit for Abolition or Union people to eat. Catherine comes to warp her flannel. I get dinner. Mrs. Griffith comes at night,. to help quilt. James very sick. Most dies with colic. Great battle at Chattonuga [sic], Tennessee. Union men victorious. Good for our side. James is very sick at night.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1863
James some better. Maria Jane comes from school, at noon and then I fix to go to Gilead to the meeting. The preacher comes late and I did not get home until after dark, then went to mother’s for pills for James. He is worse. Mother comes awhile. We hear cannons firing as we come along. We knit some. The moon shines bright.

TUESDAY, DECEMBER l, 1863
Not quite so cold, but I am too sick, sneezing all the time--head ache and lame back. James quills for me and cuts wood. I weave one yard and a half, very tired. Mother goes by to Christian’s, he is very sick. Maria Jane tries to spin but she is too sick with bad cold and sore throat. Morton very cross and sick with cold. Charley has a bad cold.

MONDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1863
Up early this morning. Not in very good humor, but get in the loom and weave 1 1/2 yards. James hauls hay to Paris for Jimmy Morrison. Mother comes awhile for me to tell her how to color red. Marion goes to paps to help gather corn. Beautiful day.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1863
Still cloudy, looks like rain. I weave 2 yards to day. Very tedious. James goes to day with another load of corn, gets home at dark. Mother comes awhile. James is talking of going out to drive a team for the government but I guess he will not go.

End of page 80

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1863
More pleasant this morning. I cut out pants, and coats and jackets. James and Marion commences to taking off the flax seed. Cloudy morning. Now I sew and make Melvi1le a jacket. Here comes mother, going to Catherines. Here comes James in a splutter.

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1863
Cloudy, looks like snow. I weave 3 1/2 yards to day trying to get my jeans out of the loom. Very cold, ground frozen hard. James and I go over to Morrisons at night. We come home, don’t stay late.

SATURDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1863
Dark and cloudy, looking very much like rain for some time. It commenced to night [right?] about midnight. I weave 2 1/2 yards to day. James goes to David Tobias’ takes dinner with soldiers. Gets in great way for going to war--says he is going to volunteer in Jennings county.

MONDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1863
Now I get in the loom, determined to weave, but here comes Tom Miller for James to volunteer. He is gone to Tunis Carlocks but here he comes to put his name on his paper. We have to get dinner for them. I don’t get but 2 yards wove. What troubles I do have. I do not want him to volunteer.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1863
Catherine comes, and mother comes. John is here, takes dinner with us. We are tolerable well but I feel troubled.

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1863
Here comes the children from school and Maria Jane from mother’s. [On this day, neighbor William Spear, 23, crossed into Jennings Co. and got a bounty by enlisting in the 120th Indiana Regiment.]

1864

FRIDAY, JANUARY 1, 1864
This is the coldest day that I think has ever been since we lived. What will we do. We are most freezing-out of wood. James and Marion has to cut and haul wood. Here comes Andrew Morrison. Oh we have green beech wood. It is so hard to burn. I knit some and get a bite to eat. Poor cows and sheep and geese are almost frozen.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 2. 1864
Not quite so cold. James goes over to Mr. Hoard’s then home. And him and Andy goes to James Tobias to see when they will have to go to camp and see if they can get the bounty in
Jennings Co. If they can’t they won’t go.

End of page 81

SUNDAY, JANUARY 3 , 1864
Looks like snow. James goes to Charley Byfields, he is sick but some better. I write now. The snow is falling fast, most like rain. Not so cold but cold enough. My heart aches all the time. I am not very well. The rest are well.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 5, 1864
Oh very cold. This morning the snow is very deep. Snowed most of the night. James and K. goes to town. I wash the clothes. [Two sons of Mrs. Emeline Phillips, James and William, were inducted into the 120th Indiana Regiment. Each received a $220 bounty with another $80 due on discharge.]

WBDNESDAY, JANUARY 6, 1864
Still very cold. I am not very well but I knit some and sit close by the fire thinking of James. He will most freeze to day.

THURSDAY, JANUARY 7, 1864
James got home last evening, quite cold and hungry. Brought 2 pair of shoes $1.90 a pair. Mine are too small brought me some mackeral and tea. Snows all day to day and night at night [sic]. Capt. Tobias comes and stays all night. Wants James to go to camp Saturday.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 8, 1864
Very cold and frosty. James and Capt. Jim Tohias goes to Andrew Morrisons for him to go to camp tomorrow, but he is going away to Madison, moving Louisa McCaslin. James comes home says maybe he will go tomorrow if I don’t care.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1864
Here comes Mary Morrison to see if James is going, he cuts some wood, then fixes to start for Crothersville for the cars to go to camp but we all make such a fuss he can’t get off so he gives up a bit.

SUNI)AY, JANUARY 10, 1864
We are all well this morning. James takes me and Ethe to Gilead to meeting in the sled. Good sleighing but very cold then James and Andrew, Mary and myself all went to Retreat at night. They have taken a notion to go to camp but the cars [train] won't stop, so we are glad for we don’t want them to.

MONDAY, JANUARY 11, 1864
Here we are at Mrs. Miller’s this morning, but no cars comes. We all come home. I left Morton at home. I am in a hurry to get home. Ethelina stayed with the children. We get home at two o’clock, very tired and very cold. I most froze last night going to Retreat. Oh what troubles.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1864
This morning--some pleasanter. We go to Matilda's in the sled, but thawing all day. Our mare is sick. We stopped at Days, mother, Catherine and Ethe all went to Debys in the sled to day. Maria Jane went to Paris to day with Morrisons to Preacher Morrison.

End of page 82

WEDNESDAY JANUARY 13, 1864
James starts for Paris this morning at daylight to cut wood two days. I clean and scrub the house, cook cabbage, beets and potatoes. Hurry to get work done but don't get much done. . . . . .

End of short page 83

The diary skips forward to 1871. Before resuming, here are some of the happenings during the missing interval:

James Bovard and Andy Morrison were among those leaving in mid-March 1864 to report to the 120th Indiana.

Little Jimmy--James Carvossa Bovard--died June 20, 1864.

On Nov. 30, 1868, Maria Jane Bovard married neighbor Lloyd Griffith; they soon began a family.

"Pap"--Abner Young--apparently died.

Sarah takes to calling husband James "Pa."

Nancy Petro died.

1871

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1871
I feel lonesome this morning. Right cool, clouds up, looks like snow. Freeman starts in the wagon for Crothersville on his way to Grecncastle. Can't get to Crothersville, the creek too high, go to Deputy now. Mother comes, we kill four hogs. Isaac helps, Maria Jane comes. I am very tired this evening. Grant and Willie has the mumps right bad.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1871
Right cool, but pretty day. We are cutting up meat and making sausage and rendering lard. Oh how greasy. James helps me, he has a bad cough. Grant is very sick and cross. Maria Jane goes home. A singing at the school house.

SUNDAY, FEBUARY 12, 187l
Sunday, Oh how cold, frozen, sleeting. James and boys goes to Gilead to meeting. I stay at home and read the Bible to the children. Feel quite lonesome.

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 187l
Pa cut down the poplar and cormmences making rails. Abner and George helps him. The sun shines.

SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1871
The boys cuts wood. Morty gets sick today. This is a nice morning. Maria Jane better. I scrub both houses then iron the clothes, then make a pot pie and brown coffee, get dinner then darn 3 pairs of socks then go over to see how sis is. Found her bettor, helped her do her work. Pa goes to mill then home and goes to the store with six dozen eggs and buys me a new black calico dress.

MONDAY, MARCH 6, 1871
This is a beautiful day. The wind blowed last night and sprinklod rain. Lewis Byficld comes this morning to ask them to his stable raising tomorrow. They bring the hogs from the bottom and then work on the other farm making and hauling rails. I make make at my new dress--black calico.

FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 187l
Oh what a nice day. I go to see Criss. He is right sick. I get home get dinner. I work in the garden some and sow some lettuce. The doves is cooing, the frogs is singing. Pa goes to night and stays all night till one o'clock with Cris, he is no better, has the lung fever.

End of page 84

SATURDAY, MARCH 11, 1871
Saturday morning up late. Six o’clock commenced raining, rains all day. We hear Cris is no better. Pa goes to Kellys and gets his boots mended, I patch some. My shoulder hurts so bad. Abner goes to the Postoffice. I write some this evening. I am looking for Melville--His school is out.

MONDAY, MARCH 13, 1871
Pa goes home this morning almost give out. Cris no better. Maria Jane goes to see him, then I go to stay all day. Rains in the evening. Lloyd goes to Austin. Mr. Hester comes and stays all nignt.

TUESDAY, MARCH 14, 187l
Cloudy this morning. I go to see Sabina. She is no better, then I go to see Cris this afternoon and stay until midnight, then walk home. Margy and John Peacock comes to day for potatoes. I sold her some chickens and carpet rags, I took ten dozen eggs up to the store.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 15, 1871
Pa comes home this morning, eats his breakfast and goes to bed. Cris no better, not much hopes now of his getting well. I must write Marion a letter but I feel so little like work. My head aches. We hear of so many being sick.

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16, 1871
Melville got home last night. Cris died yesterday at three ö’clock. We went, got there about 20 minutes before he died. Was buried at Coffee Creek today. Rained all night. Creeks up high. We go to the rail road with the wagon then walk over. There were wagons ready to go to the grave. Oh how it rained. We got riglit wet.

FRIDAY, MARCH 17, 187l
This is a nice morning. I wash a large washing. Pa goes to the store then makes me an ash hopper. Catherine and Olivia comes in the evening. Now I write a letter to Marion and Freeman and write some in my day book. I am tired tonight. Pa sets by me, the childrcn are noisy. We all well this evening.

TUESDAY, MARCH 21, 187l
This has been a very windy day. I boil soap then go to the store. Stop at Barbara Earhart and write our obituary for her. Stop at Maria Janes arid stop at Catherines, buy half pound of tea for 80 cents. James and the boys finish the oats to day. I bought some check muslin and caxidles. Pa is most sick to night with cold.

End of page 85

FRIDAY, MARCH 24, 1871
Maria Jane and Lloyd and children stay all night. I have been right sick all night and this morning I take a chill and am very sick. Abner goes for the doctor, but gets medicine. Oh how sick I am. George is sick in bed. Ethe comes and stays all night.

SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 187l
George some better, I am not much better. Such a bad cough. The Dr. and Debby comes. Pa goes for Vinnie Landon. She comes and stays till Sunday noon. Ethe and Catherine goes to Williams. Maria Jane goes to Lexington.

FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 1871
I am some better. Pa goes for Maria Jane to get dinner. Mother comes awhile. Cool and cloudy. Elnora goes to K. Youngs. They have a daughter there. Pa and boys has to do the work.

TUESDAY APRIL 4, 1871
Now I f eel some better. I make at another shirt and make a kettle of soap, Catherine comes, then Maria Jane comes awhile. Freeman and Abner goes tonight to temperance meeting. I write Melville a letter. My head aches.

THURSDAY, APRiL 7, 1871
Pa makes garden all day. Maria Jane comes and makes some garden. I help a little, then et supper and go to mothers. Stop at Alice Youngs to see the babe. Dark when I get home.

SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 1871
I make a kettle of soap. I iron the clothes and make a pair of window curtains for Gilcad. Catherine comes for garden seeds and brings me some. Oh how tired I am. Pa and boys marks the sheep; and calves. Abner goes to mill then fishing.

MONDAY, APRIL 10, 1871
Now I feel rested some. The boys and Pa goes to the island to commence their plowing, took a wagon load of plows. I make another kettle of soap and make my black calico bonnet. Pa and Freeman goes to the bottoms this afternoon and cuts stocks. Cloudy and windy, look like rain. Catherine goes by to help cook, the hands are covering the barn at mothers this week.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 1871
This is a beautiful day. I don't feel very well but I can have Dolly to ride and I so go to Williams, have a nice visit. Pa got to Lexington, pays his taxes--l9 dollars. There is a meeting at the school house to night. Dr. Spencer preaches and organizes a Sabbath School.

End of page 86

TIIURSDAY, APRIL 13, 1871
Nice cool day. I boil soup and patch pants for the boys, they finish mothers barn today. Mother comes awhile this evening. Have plenty of good soap. No trouble to make.

SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1871
I boil soap, get a nice kettle full done then go to Maria Janes in the afternoon. Clean the yard and sew some. Mrs. Griffith is there, oh such a nice day. Lloyd comes for potatoes to plant.

SUNDAY, APRIL 16, 1871
I go to mothers. Pa, Freeman, Abner and George goes to Sunday School. Charlie, Willie, Morton and Grant don’t go--no shoes. Oh for pity sakes. Mother comes home with me awhile. Pa and I goes to see the cattle to the bottom.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19, 1871
Oh how cloudy and windy. We hurry to get started from town, don’t get Grant’s photo. He cries. We bought flour and salt, flour--$6.90 per bushel, salt $2.25. Rains all day. We get to Aunt Julia’s by two o’clock, stop for dinner, get home by dark.

FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 1871
Pa and Freeman gocs to the Agriculture Society at the school house. I make garden until noon then went to Hannah Fhillips then home. Took a catfish for supper. Oh how tired I am tonight. We have good flour.

SUNDAY, APRIL 23, 1871
Oh what a frost--kills most of the fruit. We go to Gilead to meeting at two o’clock. Mr. Bovard and big boys goes to Sunday School. Mrs. Bovard and small boys stays at home--not in the best of humor--but it happens always.

TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1871
Freeman makes his garden. Sprinkles rain this morning. I make some garden, boil soap and make Abners check shirt. Catherine goes by to mothers to make soap. Pa and the boys commences planting this afternoon. Maria Jane has visitors--Barbara and Viola Phillips. Lloyd goes by a fishing.

MONDAY, MAY 1, 1871
Cloudy, but we shear our sheep and Maria Jane comes and cooks dinner and supper. Lloyd and Freemen chops stove wood for Wilkerson. George harrows the orchard. Our school commenced today. Miss Amanda Lowry, teacher. Morty and Willie goes to school. Maria Jane goes to the lodge tonight.

WEDNESDAY MAY 3, 1871
I sew and get dinner and boil soap. Pa and boys comes, rains so hard that they cant plant. Freeman and Abner goes to Gilead to clean the house. Mother comes awhile and Maria Young comes a few minutes in the evening. We plant cane and cucumbcrs and watermelons.
Charley has a chill and sore throat. Right sick.

End of page 87

MONDAY MAY 8, 1871
Young calf this morning. This is a right pretty morning. Maria Jane comes for me to do some sewing and Marion goes to mothers. We cook a chicken and have pot pie. Still planting at the island.

SATURDAY, MAY 13, 1871
This is a nice norning. Mother, Catherine and I go to the creek to fish and wash wool-have a nice time. Threatens rain. Get home by 4 o’clock, don’t get many fish. George plows for Isaac. Abner is sick. Morty and Willie goes to school.

TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1871
Mr. Hester come and stayed all night last night. Pa takes him to the cars this morning in the wagon, takes his bees for him. Got home by noon, bought a barrel of f1our--$7.25. Bought some mackeral and tin bucket and new calico dress.

SATURDAY, MAY 27, 187l
Freeman starts for Madison this morning, with Mahlan Belser for the S.S. books. Gets back at dark. Boys and Pa works at home in evening.

End of page 88 and end of my copy of the diary transcript.

INDEX
The type below in this on-line version was obtained by using a scanner's text-bridge program. Perhaps, though, I should use an art-type program to reproduce the original index. This would eliminate the errors that scanners cause, although it would render the type uneditable. For the present, we'll try the scanner version. I hope anyone spotting errors will let me know.

By necessity, I've indexed names, not people. Obviously some families who lived near Sarah had fathers and sons of the same name. Even Sarah had two Jameses in her home. We can only trust Sarah to have differentiated between such people in her diary.

Moreover, we simply can’t be sure that when Sarah wrote about, for example, "Mrs. Spear," she meant neighbor James Spear’s wife, not his mother. So I have indexed the names as Sarah wrote them, mixing in many alternate references to help readers. For instance, when Sarah identified someone merely as "Barbara," I indexed to Barbara, Barbara Earhart and Barbara Phillips, just to be safe. But almost certainly Barbara, Barbara Earhart and Barbara Phillips were not one and the same. If Sarah mentioned a Mrs. James Smith, I indexed to James Smith. But if Sarah mentioned only a "Mrs. Smith," I had to index it that way.

Somewhat incongruously, Sarah leaves us wondering about the identities of a few persons who obviously were among her closest friends and relatives; often she referred to them only by their given names or nicknames. Readers don’t find out until well along in the book that "Chris" was Chris Young, and never do find out for sure that he was Sarah’s brother. Likewise, we are left to surmise that "Ethe" was Sarah’s sister. Conversely, Sarah was more specific in identifying people whom she didn’t see too often. For instance, she very precisely identified Mrs. Emeline Phillips, who lived a bit further away than did Mrs. Newton Phillips.
I didn't index Sarah, James and their children because they're mentioned so many times. Nor did I index "mother," for the same reason.

INDEX TO NAMES
"Abby," 16, 20 (probably son Abner), 22
Ana (see Ann Stevens), 57 (and Tommy)
Andy, 64 (see Andy Morrison and Andrew Miller), 71
"Aunt Catherine" (see Catherine, Catherine Foster), 13 ("dying")
"Aunt Julie’ (lived on way to town; see Julia Roseberry), 79
"Aunt Liza," 18
"B., Delilah," 21
"B., Margaret" (see Margaret) 21 -
Balser (see Belser, Blaser), 65 -
Balser, Mr., 7, 10
Balser, Mrs. 15
Barbara (see Barbara Earhart, Barbara Phillips), 87
Belch, Mr., 12, 18, 19, 50
Belch, Mrs., 71
Belch, Asbury, 20 (and Isaac?)
Belch, Joseph, 62
Belser, Mahlan (see Balser), 88
Bingham, Mr., 37 (Republican speaker)
Blaser, Grandmother (see Balser), 8
"Brown, the notorious Mr.," (hanged in Virginia St.), 24
Bovard, George, 58 (apparently lived in Ohio), 60, 66
Burnside, General Ambrose, 67
Butler, Mr., 36 (preached)
Butt, Mr. 32
Butts, Mrs., 43, 61
Butts, John (see note below), 61 (interesting comment; also see Mr. Butt)
Byfield, Albert
Byfield, Charley, 58, 60, 82
Byfield, Lewis, 15, 85
Byfield, M., 76 (tried to kill Abolishionist)
Byfield, Maria (see Mario/Maria), 25
Byrd, Mrs. (lived "in town," apparently on the river), 24
Carlock, Tunis, 81
Caroline (see Caroline Morrison, Caroline McLain), 34, 76
Catherine (possibly Sarah’s sister; see Catherine Foster, Catherine Hoard, Catherine Miller, Catherine Sampson; also see notes on Green family below for a Catherine Green), 1, 3, 4, 5,8, 10, 11, 13, 14-20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35-41, 43-46, 49, 52, 56-58, 60-76, 78, 79, 81, 85-88

Cemantha, see Semantha Roseberry

Charls, 2

Claflin, Mrs. (owned tavern Madison, which is on Ohio River) 55, 68, 74, 78
Cox, Mrs., 60 (widow who married Robert Foster) Cris, Crise, Criss (see Christian Young)
Daisly, Joseph (burial), 58
Davis, Mr., 20 (owned store with Mr. Stokes)
Davis, Jefferson, 55, 67 (Jeffry), 69, 70
Day, 82
Day, Ira, 1, 3, 6
Day, Stephen, 52
Debby (see Deborah, see Deborah Morrison, see Deborah McClure; possibly she was Sarah’s sister; it seems likely she was Deborah McClure, wife of Doctor McClure), 15, 20, 22, 40, 51 (opposed Sarah’s views), 82, 86
Deborah (see Debby), 24, 35, 37, 43, 73
Deputy, widow, 11
Doughty, Mr., 29
Doughty, Artimecia (see note below), 36
Doughty, Exra, 38
Doughty, Olivia (see Olivio/Olivia), 72
Earhart, Barbara, 43, 85 (obituary written "for her"; see note below)
Eastman (preached at Gilead), 45, 60
£linger, Joe, 70
Eliza (see Eliza Morrison, Eliza Roseberry, Aunt Liza), 76
Elnora, 86
Ethe, 22 (See Ethe Peacock, Ethelina), 28, 36, 38, 51 (opposes Sarah’s views), 52, 58, 73, 75 (house appraised, moves to mother’s), 78, 79, 82, 86
Ethelina (see Ethe, Ethe Peacock), 82
Everhart, 76 (drunk)
Everhart, Mrs. (see Sarah Ann), 33, 68 ("the two Mrs. Everharts")
Everhart, John W., 57
Everhart, Jonathan (shoemaker; see Jonathan), 2, 6, 7, 44, 59, 60
Florelle Agnes (daughter of Margaret; see Margaret), 44
Foster, Mr., 19, 21
Foster, Catherine (Caty, Kay; apparently there was more than one; see Aunt Catherine, Catherine), 2, 9,13 (one was "dying")
Foster, John, 46
Foster, "Marg." (see Margaret), 14

Foster, Matilda (see Matilda, Tilda), 21, 43, 47, 52, 72 (lived in Paris, Jefferson Co.), 78
Foster, R., 28
Foster, Robert (see note below, see R. Foster), 60 (married widow Cox)
Foster, William (see note below), 1, 2 (died)
Frank (see Frank Peacock), 28, 58 (mentioned with Ethe both times
"G. Mrs.," 49

George, 1

Graves, Molly (married Mr. Terrill), 36
Green, Thomas B. (see note below), 18 (his baby dies), 19, (child dies), 34
Gregory, Mr. (took photos), 54
Griffith, 30, 55, 57, 67, 75, 76, 78, 79
Griffith, Mr. 26 (apparently Dr. Griffith), 27, ("the two Mr. Griffiths") 35, 45, 52, 56, 58, 64
Griffith, Mrs., 10, 18, 20, 26, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 38, 45, 46, 52, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71-75, 78, 79, 80, 86
Griffith, Charles, 28, 42, 63
Griffith, Dr., 12, 68?
Griffith, Lloyd (see Lloyd), 59, 68, 71, 79, 80
Griffith, "Old Man," 7
Griffith, Olivia (see Olivio/Olivia), 31, 57
"H., Betsy," 7
Hall, 56 (Smith and Hall)
Hall, Mr., 37 (preached), 40 (apparently preached at Camolite meeting)
Harriet, 2
Harris, Mrs., 8, (died) 38
Hartley, Mr. (preacher), 35
Hawkins, 73
Henly, Mr., 30
Hepworth, Mr., 51, 52
Hester, Mr. 34, 85, 88
Hester, Asbury, 80
Hiblin (or Hibbin), Mr. (preacher), 17, 50 (preached)
Hill, Mr. 56 (addressed home guard)
Hoard, 54
Hoard, Mr., 1, 9, 34 ("Old Mr. Hoard"), 39, 68, 81
Hoard, Mrs., 11, 15, 35, 36, 39, 54, 60, 77
Hoard, Ambrose, 33
Hoard, Asbury, 33
Hoard, Catherine, 14
Hoard, John, (killed) 12
Hoard, Julia, 29
Hoard, Sister, 8
Hoard, Sarah, 43
Honlery, Mrs. 17
Hubanks, Mr. 19

Isaac (see Isaac Belch, Isaac Sampson, Isaac Mayfield), 3, 6, 12. 14, 17, 20 (Isaac Belch?), 21, 24, 29, 31, 37, 42, 44, 52 ("Ike"), 62, 68, 84, 88
Ivan, 45, 64 (possibly surnamed Morrison)
Jay, John, 8
John (see John Young; lived at home of Sarah’s mother; perhaps Sarah’s younger brother), 1, 40, 42, 47, 55, 56, 62, 63, 67, 68, 73
Jonathan (see Jonathan Everhart), 64
Jones, 57, 60
Jones, Mr., 1, 15, 19, 40, 43, 74, 78
Jones, Aunt Tilda (see Matilda, Tilda), 37 (erroneous story of death)
Jones, Tommy, 69, 70
"Julie, Aunt" (lived on way to town; see Julia Roseberry), 79
"K.," Kay (see Kay Young), 1, 49, 61, 63
Keath (Keith?), Mr., 39
Kelly, 85
Landon, Vinnie, 86
Landor, Mr., 5
Lett, Mr., 56
Lincoln, Abraham, 42, 43, 47, 50, 56
"Liza, Aunt," 18
Lloyd, 85, 86 (eventually married Maria Jane Bovard; see Lloyd Grifflths), 87
Louisa (see Louisa McCaslin, Louisa Reed), 35,36,37
Lowry, Miss Amanda (teacher), 87
Lucy, 64 (see Lucy Terrill)
"M., F.G.," 55
Malock, Col. (addressed home guard), 56
Margaret (see Margy, Margaret B., Marg Foster, Margy Peacock), 28, 35, 38, 44 (has daughter Florelle Agnes), 80
"Margy" (had son or husband John; see Margy Peacock; see John Peacock; see Margaret?), 15, 19, 21, 33, 58, 60, 85
Mario (Maria? see Maria McCaslin, Maria Reed, Maria Young, Maria Byfield), 70
Martha (see "Martha Jane," Martha R., Martha Redman), 39
"Martha Jane," 12 (she apparently had sons Johnny and Edy)
Matilda (see Tilda, Matilda Foster, Matilda Miller, Aunt Tilda Jones), 60, 82
Mayfield, 23
Mayfield, Alexander, 61
Mayfleld, Isaac (see note below; see Isaac), 7, 67 (holds Union meeting)
"McB., Marion," 11 (perhaps Sarah meant son Marion McKinley Bovard)
McCaslin, Louisa (see Louisa), 82 (moving to or from Madison)
McClure, Dr. (see note at bottom), 12, 66 (speaks at Butternut meeting)
McClure, Deborah (see note at bottom), 20, 30
McLain, Caroline (see Caroline), 24
McMahan, 78 (preached)
Miller, 71
Miller, Mrs. 24, 34 (not same as Catherine Miller), 35, 36, 70, 82
Miller, Andrew, 62, 63
Miller, Barney (see note below), 46
Miller, Brother (preacher; see John Miller), 3, 5, 18, 20, 30, 43, 46 (preached at Gilead), 50
Miller, Catherine, 34, 35, 36 (funeral) 39 John, 42 (see Brother Miller; apparently he was "Brother Miller" on 43)
Miller, Matilda (see Matilda, Tilda), 34, 41, 42
Miller, Tommy, 41, 81 (tried to get James to volunteer)
Mitchell, Mr., 75
Monroe, Brother, 17
Morgan, General John Hunt, 72, 73
Morris, Mr., 8
Morrison (see Eliza), 14, 39, 42, 46, 54, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71 (dies), 79, 81, 82
Morrison, Miss ("the two Miss Morrisons") 31
Morrison, Mr., 1, 10, 26, 32
Morrison, Mrs., 10
Morrison, Andy, 51, 62 (went to sesech meeting), 64, 65, 73, 81 (considered joining Union army; see note below), 82
Morrison, Caroline (see Caroline), 57
Morrison, Eliza (see Aunt Liza), 66, 77
Morrison, James, 31
Morrison, Jimmy, 80
Morrison, Knelly, 55, 56
Morrison, Mary, 43, 51, 54, 55, 60, 65, 72-75, 79, 82
Morrison, Miller (miller?), 2, 53, 79
Morrison, Nelly (see Knelly)
Morrison, "Preacher" (lived in Paris, Jefferson Co.)
Morrison, Sabina, 46, 57, 79, 80, 85
Morrison, Sal, 72
Morrison, Wilce, 55
Morrison, Wilson, 69
Morton, 70 (son Morton Bovard)

Moses (possibly Sarah’s brother; see Moses Young), 22, 23
Nicely, Mrs., 79
"Old Selim" (a horse?), 8
Olivia/Olivio (see Olivia Doughty; Olivia Griffith), 33,53, 85
"P., Granny," 18
"P., Frank (see Frank Peacock)," 18

Palmers, the, 1

Peacock, 52 (family opposes Sarah’s politics)
Parsons, Mr. (house burns), 8, 11
Peacock, Mrs. Angeline (see note below), 74
Peacock, Ethe (see "Ethe"), 64
Peacock, Frank (see Frank), 37, 75 (funeral)
Peacock, John (wife’s name likely Margy), 1, 2, 7, 15, 34, 49, 85
Peacock, Margy, 20 (see "Margy"), 21, 854
Peregrin, Mrs. (funeral), 14
Peregrine, Marion, 17
Petro, Nancy (lived out of area), 3, 4, 20, 35, 52, 57,58, 59 ("out to Nancy’s"), 70, 77
Phillips, 67 (a "rolling")
Phillips, Mrs. (likely Newton’s wife), 10, 19, 70(2), 77
Phillips, Barbara (?) (see Barbara), 87
Phillips, Mrs. Emeline (nee Courtney in 1825, wife of John T. Phillips), 42
Phillips, Hannah Jane (see note below; Mrs. Newton Phillips), 14, 55, 87
Phillips, Newton, 34, 38
Phillips, Viola (possibly the former Viola Harrod, wife of James Harvey Phillips, who was the son of John T. and Emeline Phillips, but see note below), 87
"P., Mr. John" (see John Phillips; John Peacock), 10
Potts, Mr. (preacher), 22, 23, 39 (preached at Gilead
"R., Martha" (see Martha Redman), 11
Redman, 18, 33, 36
Redman, Mr., 4, 7, 11, 34, 39
Redman, Mrs., 12
Redman, Elizabeth (see Aunt Liza), 2
Redman, Miss Martha (see Martha), 16, 28, 38
Redman, Susan, 27
Reed, Billy, 11
Reed, Louisa (see Louisa), 69 (teaching school)
Reed, Lu, 72
Rice, Mr., 29
Rice, Reuben (preacher at Gilead; see note below) 13, 32, 37
Roseberry girls, 21
Roseberry, Eliza (see Eliza, Aunt Eliza), 2
Roseberry (see Aunt Julia), Aunt Julia, 24, 65, 79, 87

Roseberry, Milton, 1

Roseberry, Semantha, 1. 2 ("Cousin Semantha")

Ruth, 24 (see Ruth Young)

S., Isaac (see Isaac Sampson; Isaac), 21
Sabina (see Sabina Morrison), 85

Samantha ("cousin Semantha"), 1, 2

Sampson, Mr., 56
Sampson, Mrs. 33, 56
Sampson, Catherine (see Catherine), 3 (possibly "Sister
C.S.," page 12), 29
Sampson, Isaac (see Isaac, Isaac S.), 11, 28, 32, 38
Sarah Ann, 68 (see Sarah Ann Everhart)
Sinclair, Abner, 21
Smallwood, Mr., 55
Smith, 37, 51, 56 (and Hall)
Smith, "Old Mrs.," 56
Smith, Euphemia, 42, 68 (out of area)
Smith, John, 54
Smith, Mahala, 40, 78
Smith, Mary, 69
Smith, Nancy, 74
Smith, Tom, 55
Spear, 36 (to see "hurt hand"), 55 (James Bovard helped them thresh)
Spear, James, 65 (older brother of Wesley and William; see note below)
Spear (see note below), Lizy, 31
Spear, Mrs. (see note below), 12, 15
Spear, Wesley (see note below), 1, 11, 77
Spear, William (see William; see note below), 40
Spencer, Dr., 86 (preaches)
Stevens, Mr., 58
Stevens, Ann (see Ana), 21
Stokes, Mr., 20 (owned store with Davis)
Sweets, Mrs. (‘the two"), 7
Tallman, Lela, 79
Terrill, Mr., 27, 36 (married Molly Graves), 64, 66, 78
Terrill, Mrs., 78
Terrill, Johnny, 64 (Whitsitt family Bible records show a
John Terrell b. July 3, 1819)
Terrill, (?), Lucy, 64
Thompson, 70
Thompson, Mr., 10, 26
Thompson, Mrs. 6
Thompson, D., 77, 80
Thompson, David, 3 ("Dr."), 5
Tilda (see Matilda, Matilda Foster, Matilda Miller, Aunt Tilda Jones), 33, 70, 73
Tobias, Mr., 20, 35, 40
Tobias, Mrs., 10, 15, 16, 29 ("the two Mrs. Tobias")
Tobias, Alice, 67
Tobias, David (see note below), 81
Tobias, Emily, 41
Tobias, Jac.(?), 62
Tobias, Captain James (see note below), 51, 81, 82
Tobias, John J., 54
Tobias, John T., 39, 54
Tobias, Josiah (lived out of area), 60
Tobias, Mary Ann, 24
Tobias, Norwood, 23
Tommy, 57 (and Ana; see Tommy Jones, Tommy Miller, Tom Smith)
Trulock, Mr., 53
Trulock, Jane, 53, 54)
Trulock, Lizzie, 16
Trulock, Mary, 43
Vanpelt (James joined Legion company), 74
Vest, 49
Watson, 68
Watson, Daniel, 34, 68
Watson, Elizabeth (see Aunt Liza), 5
Watson, Hannah, 79
Wiggins, Mr. 7
Wiggins, John, 38 (takes census)
Wiggins, Woodney, (funeral) 30
Wilerson (see Wilkerson), 51
Wilkerson, 69, 87
William, 8, 11, 42, 45 (see Williams, William Young; William Spear), 2, 52, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 86
Wilson, Mr. (his store), 73
Young, Alice, 86
Young, Cass, 27, 32, 34, 43, 54
Young, Christian (see Chriss and see notes below), 5, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17 (Sarah’s brother and Maria’s husband), 21, 25, 32, 35, 40, 44, 50, 55, 58, 61, 62, 66, 69, 76, 77, 80, 84, 85 (died)

Young, George, 61
Young, John (see John), 40, 45, 46, 51 (political argument), 69, 70, 72, 89
Young, K. (see Kay), 46, 73, 86
Young, Maria (see Mario/Maria), 5, 10, 16 (born Maria Byfield, she was Christian’s wife and apparently Sarah’s sister-in-law), 21, 61, 66, 68
Young, Moses, (see Moses; lived out of area) 35
Young, Mrs. Ruth, 16, 38 (see Ruth), 65-67
Young, William, 41, 43

Localities Mentioned
Austin (village southwest of Alpha), 51, 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, 65, 66 (brawl), 68, 77, 85
Austin Methodist Church (dedicated), 27
Brown County (riot in), 68
Canton (near Salem in Washington Co.), 20,30
Cannel, 52
Cat Wallow, 76 (Copperhead meeting)
Charleston, S.C. (attacked), 67
Chattanooga (battle of), 80
Cincinnati Daily Gazette, 51 (jñcked up in Austin)
Coffee Creek (Methodist Church in Jennings Co.; unidentified baby buried 12/28/60), 85 (Chris Young’s burial)
Crothersville (west of Alpha in Jackson Co.), 55, 82, 84
Deputy (east of Alpha, just into Jefferson Co.), 84
Fort Sumter, 48
Frankfort (due south of Alpha in Scott Co., Ind., near Woostertown), 6, 11, 16, 17, 18, 30, 49, 50, 57, 59 (election), 62 (soldier’s funeral), 65, 66 (election), 76, 78
Franklin School, 67
Gilead, 5, 10, 11, 14 (Presbyterian funeral), 16, 19, 20, 23, 32, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 58, 59, 65, 66 (Sabbath School started), 70, 71, 78, 80, 82, 85-87
Greencastle (far up in Putnam Co.), 84
Jennings Co. Ind., 81
Jones, 65
Landons Mill (Landers), 17 39, 42, 71
Lexington, 44, 65 (James went to pay tax in each instance; Lexington was county seat then), 73 (apparently jury duty), 86 (James paid $19 tax)
Mayfield Mill, 4, 5
Madison (then major river city in Jefferson Co.), 12, 35, 82, 88
McClain School, 66
Mount Cannel, 10
Mount Sterling (see note below), 71
North Vernon, 74 (James goes to drill in Jennings Co.)
Paris (east of Alpha), 3, 19, 22, 27, 40, 58, 72, 73, 80, 82, 83
Potomac River, 58
Quick Creek (usually called Quick’s Creek; a stream near Alpha named for an Indian), 40, 68
Retreat (village in Jackson Co., Ind.) 55, 70, 82
Shelby Co., 19 (probably the Indiana county)
Tea Creek, 77
Uniontown (muster in; village north of Crothersville in Jackson Co.), 52
Vernon (county seat of Jennings Co., Ind.), 74
Vicksburg, Miss., 70, 71 (surrender of)
Wooster Mill, 17, 20
Wooster (apparently Woostertown, south of Alpha), 17, 19, 37, 60, 65 (for muster), 66, 79

Some Subjects Mentioned
Aboishionists, 76, 80 (Sarah argues again with mother)
Agricultural Society (meets at school), 87
"Bad boys turn teacher out of school," 46
Balls Bluff, battle of, 58
Bounty, 81
Bull Run, battle of, 52
Butternuts (see Sesech), 65-70, 77
Camolite, Campbellite, Camelot (religious sect), 3, 40, 56, 58
Copperheads (see Sesech, Butternuts), 76
Courier newspaper (in Madison?), 55
Democrats, 47
Draft, 64
Edward Ferry, battle, 58
Home Guards, 55, 56, 71 (called out), 73 (called out)
Island, 86, 88
Lodge, 87
Methodists, 6
Mrs. Claflins Tavern ("in town"; Madison), 55
Muster, 51 (James first goes), 52, 56 (at Mr. Lett’s?), 58, 65, 76
Photos taken, 54
Political meeting, 40, 59
Post-office, 85
Rebels, 67, 71, 72, 73
Reformers, 4, 6, 9, 17, 18
Republicans, 37, 41 ("Black Republicans"), 47, 49, 51
("Blacks," Abolishionists)
Riot in Brown County, 68
Sesech meeting, 61, 62 (see Butternuts)
Union meeting, 67
Volunteers, 71

NOTES ON SPECIFIC FAMILIES

BUTT: John B. Butt Sr. is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery. According to his inscription, he died 7/29/1886 at age 94.

CLAFLIN: Sarah never tells us just where Mrs. Claflin operated her tavern but it was in Madison. Sarah tells us that she arrived in "town" Sept. 3, 1861 and went to the Courier office the next day. Madison’s newspaper was (and is) the Courier.

DOUGHTY: Alpha Cemetery records: Artimecia Doughty, born 9/12/35, died 9/12/75 (it would have been her 40th birthday, if correct). The village of Alpha is gone and Alpha Cemetery is abandoned. About half a mile north of the cemetery, on the South Fork of the Muscatatuck River, was Doughty’s Mill, which was built in 1849 on the site of a much earlier mill known as Bolser’s mill. Doughty’s mill and dam were carried away in a flood in 1906.

EARHART: On page 85, Sarah mentions stopped at Barbara Earhart’s "to write our obituary for her." At first I had assumed that Barbara had died, but, after studying the confusion about the "Barbara and Viola Phillips" reference on page 87, I noted that Chris Young had died six days before Sarah went to Barbara’s house. Perhaps Barbara had not died; perhaps she collected the news from the Alpha area for one of the county newspapers and Sarah gave her an obit on Chris.

FOSTER: Alpha Cemetery records: Catherine Foster, w. of Robert, died 4/30/ 18— (stone broken). On April 30, 1859, Sarah noted in her diary that "Aunt Catherine is dying... I hope the Lord took her to rest. . . "Sarah came only slightly short of saying that Catherine had died and did not make another entry until May 5. (See Robert Foster, who apparently married Widow Ccx.) William Foster is buried in Alpha Cemetery. His stone says he was son of R. & C., and died 1/17/59 at age 24-9-2. Sarah recorded that day that "Poor Cousin William done with the troubles of this world." In previous days, she had indicated that William Foster was ill. So apparently William was the son of Catherine and Robert. A Robert Foster of Company K of 120th Indiana Infantry, which was James Bovard’s company, died in Chattanooga Aug. 6, 1864. (James Spear’s brother Samuel, who also served in the Union Army, also died there.)

GREEN: Sarah recorded on pages 18 and 19 that children had died. A lot can be learned about this family by matching these dates with Wesley Cemetery records and the family Bible of Alfred Jerome Green of Sylvia, Kansas. The cemetery records state that: William Green, son of T.B. and C., died 9/1/59 at age 3 years 4 months and 14 days; and that Thomas Green, son of T.B. and C., died 9/10/59 at 5 years, 7 months and 23 days. Both dates of death correspond with Sarah’s diary and Jerome Green’s Bible. Among other Greens in the burial plot: Thomas B., born 7/26/20, died 8/7/80, and Catherine, wife of Thomas B., died 1/16/74 at age 49 years 10 months 27 days. Thus we are certain that the "Mr. Green" in Sarah’s diary was Thomas B. Green. The Bible verifies the dates of birth and death of Thomas B. and Catherine, and also reveals: that their son Alfred Jerome Green was born April 18, 1856 in Scott eounty; that Jerome married Mary Elmetta Phillips on Dec. 1, 1875; that Catherine’s maiden name was Bernhardt; that she had been born in Virginia, and that Thomas B. was born in Cincinnati. Mary Elmetta Phillips, incidentally, exemplifies the confusing interrelationships of Scott Countians. She was a niece, not of John Phillips, but of his;wife Emeline (Courtney) Phillips. Mary’s mother, Ellen (Courtney) Phillips was Emeline’s sister. Ellen Courtney, like her sister, married a man named John Phillips but the relationship between the two men is unknown.

MALOCK: Sarah probably was referring to the Rev. Washington Malick, who was a Methodist preacher born in Tennessee. He died March 25, 1882 at the age of 74 years, six months and 11 days. He is buried in Hopewell Cemetery in Jennings County.,

MAYFIELD: The Civil War pension records of James Harvey Phillips, son of Emeline and John T., show that Isaac Mayfield became a hospital steward in Company K of the 120th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which was James Bovard’s company, and in 1896 was living in Randolph (Riley County), Kansas, at age 83. Brothers Harvey and Riley Phillips and William T. Spear were among others in Company K, commanded by Captain James Tobias until his death in early 1865.

McCLURE: In his Scott County Cemetery Records, Dr. Carl Bogardus noted that Dr. Dexter McClure was the first doctor in New Frankfort, then moved to Austin, where he also was first doctor. His wife was Deborah Young, Dr. Bogardus said. From the dates of the McClure children, the parents probably were born about 182 5-37. Dr. McClure died 2/24/7 9, Dr. Bogardus said. A Dr. David McClure appears in Spear probate records.

MILLER: The preacher named John Miller likely was kin to the Whitsitt and Phillips families, if only by marriage. Allie Phillips, sister of Brannock Phillips, married Ralph Whitsitt. Their daughter Mary (called "Polly") married John Miller in 1823. They had a son John, . . Barney Miller is buried in New Providence Cemetery, "3/4 mile east on Hwy. 56 to Slab Road and about two miles north of 56." He was born 3/8/35, served in Co. D, 1st (?) md. Volunteers, and died 12/24/1924. (State historical society material says that the number 1 was not used for Civil War regiments in Indiana. The state’s 1st Regiment had fought only in the Mexican War, for which Barney seems to have been too young.)

MORRISON: Andy chose the Union side. Andrew H. Morrison served in Company K of the 120 Indiana with James Bovard, William T. Spear, etc.

PEACOCK: I indexed most of the book thinking "Ethe" was short for Ethen. But with hindsight, I think it likely that Ethe was Frank Peacock’s wife, the "Ethelina" mentioned once, and probably was Sarah’s sister. Strangely, Sarah’s diary made no specific mention of Frank’s death... Mrs. Angeline (Fitzsimmons) Peacock was born Dec. 28, 1830 and died May 31, 1905, according to her marker in Wesley Chapel Cemetery. In 1877 she married James W. Spear.

PETRO: Nancy Bovard and Phillip Switzer Petro married July 23, 1857 in Bartholomew Co. Indiana. She lived April 12, 1838 until Aug. 24, 1864. The family lived in Van Buren township of Brown County, Indiana, in 1860. That year’s census shows: Philip S. Petro, 30, farmer; Nancy, 21; Susan, 10; Sabra, 9; Sandy M. (a male), 6. All had been born in Indiana. Brown County is west of where Sarah lived, so her "out there" description of where Nancy lived would have been appropriate. Sarah apparently visited Nancy in mid-November 1861; judging by Sarah’s brief notations on pages 59, Brown County would seem a likely spot. But note that Nancy soon died.

PHILLIPS: Sarah recorded on page 89 that "Barbara and Viola Phillips" visited Maria Jane Bovard. I’m not aware of a Barbara Phillips; the name doesn’t appear in my Phillips records. Perhaps Sarah, who didn’t realize she was writing for posterity, didn’t intend to say that Barbara’s last name was Phillips. Perhaps Sarah was referring to Barbara Earhart (but see note under Earhart). Perhaps Sarah’s diary note could be interpreted: "Viola Phillips and Barbara." Viola probably was the former Viola Harrod, who married James Harvey Phillips in 1866. Harvey’s wife would have been about 23, a reasonable age for one of Maria Jane’s friends. Maria Jane was 21 then. . . Hannah Jane Phillips was born Hannah Jane Foster, and the Catherine Foster who died was her mother. Hannah lived 1835 to Aug. 2, 1881. Her husband, Newton Phillips, was born in 1835, died in 1923 and is well-remembered by older residents of Scott County today. He was in the 161st Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War and is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery... I spelled Emeline Phillips’ first name that way only because that is the way is is spelled on her tombstone. See the Green family above for more information on Emeline and niece Mary.

SPEAR: Ephraim Spear married Mary "Polly" Mathew (or Matthew) and died of typhoid in 1857. Their children included James W. in 1830, Lizy, George Wesley and William, whom Sarah mentions. (Lizy likely was Phebe Elizabeth Spear.) James Spear married Armilda Newkirk in 1857. She died in 1866, so "Mrs. Spear" probably refers to her, not to Mary Spear, his widowed mother. James married Angeline (Fitzsimmons) Peacock in 1877; she appears in Sarah’s diary as Angeline Peacock. Angeline died in 1905 and is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery. On page 36, Sarah mentions "going to Spears to see her hurt hand." Obviously, as we are dealing with a transcript of a diary, not the original diary, we cannot tell if the word transcribed as "her" might have been "his." James Spear is known to have lost a thumb in a firearms accident, rendering him unfit for service in the Civil War. . . Charles Wesley Spear was in most of the western battles of the Civil War, returned home healthy after his discharge, but died October 2, 1865 at age 21 years, 7 months and 19 days. He is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery, as are most Spears.

THOMAS: Evan Thomas is buried in Hopewell Cemetery in Jennings County. His grave is in the same row as Mr. and Mrs. John Stagg. Mrs. Stagg was the former Martha (Pitts) Phillips, mother of the John Phillips whom Sarah mentions. Thomas’ epitaph: "Feb. 22, 1757 to March 15, 1840, aged 82 yrs, 23 days. The old revolutioner was born in Maryland. When a boy the Indians killed all but him and by hiding he got away. On 10 Dec. 1778 was married to H. Nixson. Jan. 29, 1789 was married to S. Booth. Dec. 25, 1810 was married to M. Everton." The editor of the Hoosier Journal noted further that a government marker on the grave gives the date of death as Feb. 1, 1840 and states that he was a,private in Col. Grisham’ Virginia Regiment.

TOBIAS: A David Tobias is buried in McClain Cemetery. His tombstone gives his dates as 4/10/04 and 7/16/1881. A James Tobias, 27, farmer, appears in the 1860 census of Jennings County. Captain James Tobias commanded Company K of the l20th Indiana Volunteer Infantry until he took ill and died in camp in early 1865. His company had been in the Atlanta campaign under Sherman, but, rather than march to the sea, had been sent back to Tennessee, where it fought in major battles at Franklin and Nashville. The company was then part of the divisions sent to Goldsboro, N.C., to rendezvous with Sherman in March 1865. James’ military service records don’t reveal where he is buried.

WILSON: Sarah mentions Wilson’s store in Deputy. Foster C. Wilson is known to have operated one there. His mother was born Polly Courtney, apparently a sister of Emeline and Ellen Courtney. But Foster was born in 1840, so perhaps it was his father Jesse who was operating the store when Sarah mentioned it.

YOUNG: Christian Young married Maria Byfield in Scott County on Oct. 1, 1846. Sarah’s diary tells us that Chris was buried in Coffey Creek Cemetery. This cemetery is just west of Paris Crossing in Jennings County. Among tombstone inscriptions there: Christian Young, consort of Maria, died March 15, 1871, aged 46 years, three months and 25 days; Harriet Young, daughter of M&C, born and died Aug. 2, 1847; William C. Young, son of C&M, died March 11, 1853, aged two years and three months; Olive C. Young, daughter of C&M, died Sept. 20, 1857, aged two years and 30 days; Minerva J. Young, daughter of C&M, died Sept. 29, 1857; infant daughter of CH&MA, born and died Dec. 28, 1860 (Sarah mentions this); Jefferson Young, son of C&M, died May 11, 1863, aged one year, five months and 29 days. There is no record of Maria in the published cemetery records.

MOUNT STERLING: A village above Vevay, a good ways east of Alpha in Switzerland County, Ind. Many people of the Alpha area came from Mount Sterling, Ky., but, judging from Sarah’s reference on page 71, it seems unlikely she was referring to that town that far away. It’s even surprising that Sarah heard about the Morrison death in Indiana that same day.

RANDOM NOTES
• On Feb. 28, 1860, Sarah noted it was her 16th wedding anniversary.
• On Feb. 21, 1860, Sarah listed her children, noting that Oliver William had "gone home." On Oct. 10, 1860, she recorded that she had had a baby and on Nov. 19 she and James named him Charles Lincoln. Sons Grant and Willie, who were born during the time Sarah kept the diary, first appear on page 84.

Sarah's diary showed how much Hoosiers valued good sermons. She mentioned the following preachers: Rice, Butler, Eastman, Hall, Hartley, Hiblin, McMahan, Miller, Morrison and Potts. "Eastman" probably was Buell Eastman, who lived in Jennings County. There were at least two preachers named Hicklin known to have been in the Jennings area somewhat earlier, which may account for the "Hiblin." The 1850 census of nearby Graham township in Jefferson Counry lists a Methodist preacher named John Miller, 48, from Kentucky. Perhaps he was the John Miller who married Polly Whitesides in Jefferson County in 1824.

On page 96 of Morgan’s Raid by Allen Keller, published in 1961 by Bobbs Merrill, is a story about Reuben Rice, a Methodist preacher and noted Abolishionist in Graham Township of Jefferson County. Keller wrote that the raiders made Rice kneel and pray for Jeff Davis and the Confederacy.
• Sarah noted she turned 31 on Feb. 21, 1859.
• Sarah’s first mention of real political problems was made Nov. 17, 1860.
• Sarah quoted prices on pages 47, 53, 54, 74, 87.
• When Sarah mentioned a battle in Missouri on page 53, she probably was referring to the one at Wilson’s Creek.
• Sarah mentioned a brawl between sesch and union men on page 56.
• On page 67 Sarah mentioned subscribing to a newspaper for 75 cents for six weeks.
• Sarah heard cannon firing July 9, 1863, celebrating the surrender of Vicksburg, Miss., July 4. When she heard firing July 13, 1863, it heralded the arrival of General John Hunt Morgan and his Confederate cavalry; beginning that day, she recorded her impressions of that famous raid.
• Sarah mentioned on page 74 that James joined Vanpelt’s Company and went to North Vernon to drill. This apparently was a six-month-enlistment regiment of the regular army but James seems never to have served in it.
• When Sarah mentioned being "black," she meant that she favored the Black Republican wing of the party. Sarah was not Negro.
• Sarah’s opinion of the weather Jan. 1, 1864 was shared by James W. Spear’s cousin, the Rev. W.E. Spear, who lived a few miles north of Sarah. Rev. Spear published a Spear family history in 1906. On page 117, he wrote: "On the historic cold night, the first day of 1864, I was in a meeting, in an old dilapidated log house, near the Pilot knob. It was cold enough to freeze the horns off a muley ox."

Sarah locked James out April 1, 1863.

MISCELLANEOUS
Letter to the Vernon Banner published Oct. 18, 1860: Vernon, Indiana, Oct. 3. Will you please observe the rule for correctly spelling the name of the stream around Vernon? It is M U S C U K U T U K — soft Indian sound, and in English means, "Mud River". This I learned from John Conner, deceased, late of Connersville, Ind. who was with the Indians many years, and was one of the government Indian agents of Indiana for many years. Do spell the name always in future as above, so as to give the Indians pronunciation. [signed] John Vawter. [Editor’s note:
Vawter was one of the area’s first settlers.]

When Sarah mentioned "camelite" or "camelot" meetings, she likely was referring to religious meetings espousing Campbellism. William Phillips, brother of Brannock Phillips, was a circuit rider in Kentucky and an editor and writer with the Western Christian Advocate. In 1837 the Methodist Church collected his polemic writings and published them in a book entitled Campbellism Exposed: Strictures on the Peculiar Tenets of Alexander Campbell.

Notations of Nov. 21, 1861: Bob Haefner points out that Sarah likely took the blanket to sell but that she brought it home, meaning nobody bought it.

On Sept. 19, 1861, Sarah mentioned copperas, a green vitriol, a form of ferrous sulphate. It's extracted from iron pyrite--rich nodules, which was used extensively in the textile and metallurgical industries and for a number of other purposes. In metallurgy it was a key ingredient in the production of nitric acid (aqua fortis) and sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) from which chlorine was produced. Chlorine was used as a bleaching agent in the 17th and 18th century textile industry while copperas itself was used as a dye fixative for woollens. Additional uses of copperas included printers ink, a tanning agent for leather and in the manufacture of gunpowder.

EPILOGUE
James Bovard served in Company K, 120th Indiana Infantry March 12, 1864 to July 10, 1865. He never rose above private. He was in the Atlanta campaign, but his regiment did not march to the sea with General Sherman. Instead, the 120th fought at Franklin and Nashville, Tenn., then was transported east by steamboat and railroad to rendezvous with Sherman’s armies in North Carolina. After Sarah died, James married her widowed sister-in-law, Maria (Byfield) Young. James died Oct. 19, 1889.

Sarah Bovard died Oct. 31, 1888. She and James are buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery three miles east of Crothersville, as were many of their friends, such as Newton Phillips, Emeline Phillips, James Spear, Wesley Spear and William Spear.

Oliver William Bovard died Nov. 11, 1857 at 12 years, 8 months and 6 days old. He is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery.

Marion McKinley Bovard is remembered as the "founding president" of the University of Southern California. He served from 1880 until he died in 1891.

Maria Jane Bovard married Lloyd Griffith.

Abner Sinclair Bovard lived in St. Joseph, Mo., where he died Aug. 16, 1922.

George Finley Bovard was fourth president of the University of Southern California, serving 1903-21. His son Warren was USC’s controller and in 1927 became a school vice-president.

James Carvossa Bovard, the often-ill youngster whom Sarah fretted so about, died July 20, 1864. He is buried in Wesley Chapel Cemetery.

Morton Ellsworth Bovard beame a farmer and died Oct. 16, 1945. He is buried in Abingdon, Ill.

Ulysses Simpson Grant Bovard became a state bank examiner, died Jan. 25, 1940 and is buried in Dupont, Ind.

William Sherman Bovard graduated from the University of Southern California and Boston University. He was a minister and is said to have become a vice president of the University of Chattanooga, then president of Moores Hill College. He died Sept. 16, 1936 in Sierra Madre, Calif.

The Bovards are well-remembered at USC, where the Bovard building is the administration building. In 1912 the baseball field was named Bovard Field. Nowadays, though, it is usually called Dedeaux Field in honor of the school’s longtime baseball coach. Tom Seaver and Fred Lynn are just two of the many major leaguers who played regularly on Bovard Field during their college days at USC.

some spacing troubles. some figure 1's scanned as letter l's. This blog font won't hold paragraph indents.

need a list of horse-drawn conveyances.

GAPS: There is nothing from 1862. There is nothing from Feb. 1864 until Feb. 1871. Readers are asked to check their versions to see if they have material I don't.

bovard diary

2007-10-28T19:09:00.000-07:00

Your comments and corrections are sought. Please post them in the appropriate space at the end of the diary. Please denote the date you're referencing in the diary, your comments and, if applicable, your source. Please sign your name and e-mail address in case there are further questions.

From Sue Kruse:
The typed diary I received many years ago was transcribed by, I
believe, Marie Bovard Hubbard. (She wasn't anyone I knew, but believe her name
was in the diary. At some point, I typed footnotes, added family history
charts, maps, and sent copies to family members. It looks like the
same version as you have.

Then Sandy Zarella sent me copies that I sent you of Sarah's original
handwritten diary (only 2 pages of it!) and it's obvious from those
pages that Marie, or whomever transcribed it first, didn't include all the
entries. Too bad.

Random notes: Abner's birthday was Oct. 13
I need to post maps.

Bob Haefner found a recipe for Potato Crulls in a Chicago publication of 1883: Pare good, smooth potatoes raw. Cut them into thick slices, as many as there will be plates of fish. Cut out the centers with an apple corer, making rings. Take a small penknife and begin inside and cut the slice all around into a coil or string as thin as may be without breaking through till the knife comes out at the outer edge. Fry the crulls in hot lard, light colored. Drain, and sprinkle with fine salt.

Well, they must have been like "crulers" in my dictionary--twisted sweet cakes. JP

That lunch of crulls, cornbread,sausage and "sause" gave them high energy and warmth... souse meat / head cheese "SOUSE MEAT: Cook hog head and ears well done, pull meat off bones, "--Lordy I just remembered cold C Ration sausage patties, where you scraped the grease off the top. Well the body did burn it up if you could get it down. Bob

from internet

2007-10-27T16:08:00.000-07:00

Bob Haefner provided the following after spotting it on the Internet:

The work on this page looks pretty goodhttp://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=lizault&id=I6399# ID: I6399#

Name: Sarah Waldsmith YOUNG# Given Name: Sarah Waldsmith# Surname: YOUNG# Sex: F# Birth: 21 Feb 1828 in , Hamilton Co., Ohio, USA# Death: Oct 1888 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA# _UID: 1127FDE411E94A05821BBF7688A4E9D720ED# Change Date: 29 Jun 2002 at 14:42

Father: Abner YOUNG b: 10 Nov 1799 in Lincolnville, Waldo Co., Maine, USAMother: Jane WALDSMITH b: 25 Nov 1806 in , Hamilton Co., Ohio, USAMarriage 1 James W BOVARD b: 23 Mar 1823 in Steubenville, Tuscarora Co., Ohio, USA * Married: 29 Feb 1844 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA 1 * Change Date: 29 Jun 2002

Children:

Oliver William BOVARD b: 9 Feb 1845 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Marion Mckinley BOVARD b: 11 Jan 1847 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Maria Jane BOVARD b: 4 Feb 1849 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Freeman Daily BOVARD b: 9 Jan 1851 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Melville Young BOVARD b: 6 Dec 1852 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Abner Sinclair BOVARD b: 13 Oct 1854 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

George Finley BOVARD b: 8 Aug 1856 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

James Carvossa BOVARD b: 20 Jul 1858 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Charles Lincoln BOVARD b: 10 Oct 1860 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Morton Ellsworth BOVARD b: 10 Jul 1862 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

William Sherman BOVARD b: 29 Aug 1864 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Ulysses Simpson Grant BOVARD b: 19 Sep 1866 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USA

Sources: 1. Abbrev: Indiana Marriages to 1850 Title: Indiana Marriages to 1850 Author: Dodd, Jordan Publication: Provo, UT: Ancestry.com, 1997. Electronic transcription of marriage records held by the individual counties in Indiana. Page: James Bovard and Sarah Young

Eastern Illinois University Lesson planhttp://www.eiu.edu/~localite/coles/murals/lesson_page.htm
The term "Copperhead" was coined by Republicans during the Civil War to characterize out-spoken Democrats that opposed Lincoln's Administration. As a derogatory term, it compared Peace Democrats to the deadly copperhead snake. Charles H. Coleman discovered that the term "Copperhead" first appeared in the New York Tribune on July 20, 1861, and from that point on it became synonymous with Peace Democrats.

Peace Democrats were also referred to as "Butternuts" by Republicans of that time - although the term was not used as much as "Copperhead." According to Richard Orr Curry, the term "Butternut" was coined by "Black Republicans" during the Civil War. It was a reference to the illiterate, poverty stricken farmers of southern origin, who inhabited the southern portions of midwestern states and who predominantly supported the Democratic Party. They often wore home-made clothing that was dyed brown from the use of butternuts as dye - hence the use of the term "Butternut."

A Democratic editor in Ohio during the Civil War defended the backwoodsmen by writing, "it used to be the 'barefeet' Democracy in Jackson's time - then it was the 'pokeberry' Democracy, and now it is the 'butternut' Democracy - and they all, as used, mean the same thing - a contempt for those who earn their bread by honest toil." Eventually, the epithet became a mark of distinction to Democrats and they used the butternut as a symbol "of the indissoluble nature of the Union."

Here's a bit of fun trivia for you."feel as well as common" "Common" was used in place of "usual".. Still in use somewhat in Missouri/Arkansas Ozarks.

"Black Flour" in this case Rye flour.... Not glutinous...by itself " Rye is a grass related to barley and wheat. Its beginnings are uncertain but it probably originated in and around modern day Turkey. By the Middle Ages it was widely cultivated in Europe. Rye is used to make breads, alcoholic beverages such as rye whisky, and for animal fodder. Because rye flour is low in protein it produces inadequate gluten and therefore does not rise well. Thus, it is often mixed with traditional wheat flour to boost its protein content. Rye flour is also heavier and darker and subsequently produces darker and denser loaves. Pumpernickel is a popular sourdough bread from Germany made from rye flour."

"Ergot poisoning is possible under the right conditions with rye" (Salem witchcraft theory, delusions, cramps a deadly LSD trip in some cases. ) I still do not understand "Camelit meeting" was this in script?
Bob

I think it was a corruption of "Campbellite."

Byfield surnames The sister ofAlbert, Charley,Lewis and Mariah(Maria)was Ida Byfield (1831-1852)that married Wesley Hord 11 June 1848 Scott County, IN Bk 3 page 8Ida'a sister Maria married 1-Christian Youngmarried 2- James Bovard (widower of Sarah Young Bovard, Christian's sister) on June 6, 1889 (he died in October 1889)The above Byfield were children of George Washington Byfield and Madelene Simonsonhttp://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=lizault&id=I3559

Wesley Hord was the son of John Hord and Rebecca Baxter,John Hord married second, Dolly Phillips 6 feb 1842 widow of Samuel Whitsett. Most of the other "Hoard" mentioned wer descendants of (Old Ambrose and Catherine) They did spell the name as Hoard in Indiana and Tennessee...They are not close kin to my John Hord line, but they all are descendants of the first John Hord in Virginia." from the web" http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=lizault&id=I3223Maria Byfield married David Tobias (date unknown) after the death of 1st husband Christian Young. She married James Bovard (widower of Sarah Young Bovard, Christian's sister) on 6 June 1889 (from marriage license and certificate signed by Charles A. Manker). He died 19 Oct 1889. (Note from JPhillips: Identity of Dolly Phillips remains a mystery. Can anyone help?)

Maria's will was probated 29 May 1899. She received a widow's pension for James Bovard and was last paid $8.00 up to 4 Feb. 1899 (certificate #277706) and was dropped 3 Jan 1903 because of failure to claim for three years. (Bovard and Extended Families Newsletter, Dec 1995, compiled by Sandy Zarella). (copy of will in possession).

Sarah noted that Feb. 11 was the last day of school in 1860 and Feb. 9 the last day in 1861.

more from bob haefner

2007-10-26T09:28:00.000-07:00

Wonder what everhappened to Maria Jane (Bovard) Griffith? She helped her mother care for all those boys. Sarah's workload must haveincreased greatly when Maria got married. Bob Haefner provides the following info:

Maria Jane BovardBirth: 4 Feb 1849 in Alpha, Scott Co., Indiana, USADeath: 3 Mar 1911 in Abington, Knox Co., Illinois, USA Parents James W Bovard and Sarah Waldsmith Young

Census: 28 Jun 1870 Johnson, Scott Co., Indiana, USA GRIFFITH, Loyd, 23, male, white, carpenter, -, 100, born Indiana GRIFFITH, Moriah, 21, female, white, keeping house, born Indiana GRIFFITH, Effa, 1, female, white, born Indiana

1880 Census 82B Columbus, Bartholomew, IndianaL GRIFFITH M Male W 38 IN Clirk In Dry Goods OH OH Mary E. GRIFFITH Wife M W 32 IN Keeping House KY VA Gui GRIFFITH Son Male W 9 IN IN IN Walter GRIFFITH Son Male W 5 IN IN IN Kathern GRIFFITH Sister 21 IN At Home IN IN (Note from JP: Emeline Phillips' son George Addison Phillips and his family also lived in Columbus in the 1880s.)

1900 Johnson, Scott, IndianaLloyd Griffiths 53 Feb 1847Mariah J Griffiths 51 Feb 1849 9 children , 7 livingJohn E Griffiths 17Clamentia l Griffiths 15Jennie L Griffiths 11Mary C Griffiths 73

1910 Knox, Illinois Abingdon Ward 1,Mrs. M J Griffith Age in 1910: 60 b indiana,parents Ohio widowed 9 children, seven living[Mrs. M J Mrs Griffith]Death 3 Mar 1911 Abington, Knox co. IL

Nancy Bovard / Petro [Sister to James W. Bovard]Death: 24 AUG 1864 in Ind (age 26) Burial: Mt Zion Cem., Brown Co Parents George Bovard and Maria McKinleyGeorge McKinley BOVARDJames W. BOVARD b: Abt 1818Cynthia Ann BOVARD b: 1820Matilda Jane BOVARD b: Abt 1821Nancy BOVARD b: Abt 1824Mary BOVARD b: 1846web info http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3048879&id=I5935313501860 census Brown county, IndianaPhillip S Petro 30Nancy Petro 21Susan Petro 10Sabra Petro 9Sandy M Petro 6She died 24 Aug 1864

Milton S. Roseberry married Sementha Buckingham 16 Aug, 1846, in
Jefferson county, IN
(also in some searches Samantha and
Cemantha)
These two would have been cousins to the children of
Julia Ann Waldsmith and Samuel Roseberry's children.

House where Phillipses lived.

2007-10-25T10:09:00.000-07:00

This is the house in Scott Co. where George Addison Phillips and wife (former Mary Jane Spear) lived. George's parents were John T. and Emeline Phillips. Mary Jane's father was Jim Spear.

2007-10-24T10:02:00.000-07:00

still more from bob haefner

2007-10-23T12:29:00.000-07:00

Scott County Chronicle Obituary Index (1880-1949)Obituary and Death Notice Index to THE CHRONICLEhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~tashpage/
Combined index (1880-1959)Maiden name index (1880-1959)

GRIFFITH;Maria;J.;Mrs. Lloyd; BOVARD;62y;3/9/1911;4;2;Moline, Illinois;;

BOVARD;;;Mrs. James;;70y;4/6/1899;;;Alpha neighborhood;;See "Looking Backwards" of 12/28/1944, Page 4 Column 1

BOVARD;A.;C.;;;;8/30/1922;6;2;St. Joseph, Missouri;;

BOVARD;Everett;W.;Mr.;;67y;4/26/1956;3;2;Rye, New York;;

BOVARD;Glenn;;Mrs. S. G.;BOYD;86y;6/28/1956;1;3;Seymour, Jackson County, Indiana;Dupont Cemetery, Jefferson County, Indiana;See also Page 8 Column 3

BOVARD;James;;;;;10/24/1889;3;3;Alpha neighborhood;Wesley Chapel;See also 12/5/1889, Page 3 Column 2

BOVARD;Melville;Y.;;;;3/17/1938;1;6;New York;;

BOVARD;Morton;E.;;;;10/25/1945;1;2;Abingdon, Illinois;;

BOVARD;S.;Grant;Mr.;;75y;2/1/1940;1;2;Dupont, Jefferson County, Indiana;Dupont ?, Jefferson County, Indiana;

BOVARD;William;S.;Dr.;;;9/30/1936;1;3;Sierra Madre, California;;

Was that your John Hord who fell off the roof? No I feel it as young son of Old Ambrose see below---Ida Byfield of this group did marry a Hord in my Line ... all the other "HOARD" seem to be of Olds Ambose Hoard ,born Tenn Line wife Catherine born Ohio----1850 Census shows a 6 year old John Hoard as a son of "Old " Ambrose and Catherine1859 April 22,, FRIDAY, APRIL 22, l859 Very cool, still raining. Surely the sheep will all die. James works at the room then hunts the sheep and pens them. Isaac comes and says John Hoard was killed today at ten o'clock by falling off the old stable. We felt sad to think of it. Gloomy day.(He would have been about 15)(next door neighbor 1850 to Ambrose was Isaac Mayfield wife Eve Isaac is listed as a "Miller" Re: "Mayfield Mill ",apparently widowed (after 1853-and before 1860 ) by 1860 Census still a "Miller", name in some Census Index as Issa )1860 Census no John Hoard

John Phillips wrote:> It was Brannock Phillips' brother William who was an> editor of the Western Christian Advocate. In 1837 the> Methodist Church put out a book of his writings under> the title "Campbellism Exposed: the Peculiar Tenets of> Alexander Campbell." . . . Was that your John Hord who> fell off the roof? Was he the one married to one of Brannock's sisters?

wesley chapel

2007-10-22T21:04:00.000-07:00

WESLEY CHAPEL

John T. Phillips, husband of Emeline, born Feb. 5, 1819; died Nov. 13, 1881

Here's the Chronicle's death notice of my g grandparents, but I can't quite answer your question. Under head "WESLEY CHAPEL" the notice reads: "Several of our citizens went to Gilead last Sunday to hear Rev. Hester preach the funeral sermon of John Phillips and wife." They had died a couple days apart in typhoid epidemic. The "wife" was the Mrs. Emeline Phillips in the diary. So maybe Gilead was a settlement. I've been to Wesley Chapel Cemetery around the church and their graves are there.

Hansell's farm.
Section 18-4-8

1941 D.A.R. Cemetery Records.

There was a Methodist church here at one time -called Mt. Carmel,
later moved to Mt. Gilead, Scott Co.

Arbuckle, James Oct. 15, 1819 - Jun 25, 1899
Arbuckle, Sarah A., w/o Jas. Arbuckle, May 12, 1821 - Jan 21 1861

Knowlton, James H., s/o J.J. & M.E. Knowlton, died 1865
Knowlton, Eliza E., d/o J.J. & M.E. Knowlton, no dates

Lapp, Eliza Whitsett, 1859 - 1936

Steward, Eliza F., w/o Jas. H. Steward, d. May 14, 1880, age 30 yrs
Steward, Stephen G., Dec 12, 1844 - May 19, 1869
Steward, Sarah E., d/o J. & S. Steward, 1857 - 1874
Steward, Sarah, w/o J. Stewart, Dec 30, 1818- Mar 15, 1887
Steward, Margaret A., w/o J. Steward, Oct 30, 1839 - Oct 2, 1881

Whitsett, Rebecca, Mar 10, 1776 - Jan 17, 1855
Whitsett, William, Sr., May 6, 1767 - May 9, 1854, age 87 yrs.
Whitsett, Maria C., w/o A.H. Whitsett, Jan 1, 1824 - _____
Whitsett, Allen H., Jan 12, 1827 - Oct 26, 1892 Whitsett, Mary J., w/o Allen H. Whitsett, d. Mar 23, 1858, age 29 yrs.

This is the only Claflin that fits the bill re the tavern: 1835 married in Jefferson County, IN Elizabeth Scholl(Shull?) and Robert Claflin he was born Canada1850 Robert and Elizabeth ClaflinDec 1855 Husband Robert Claflin diesElizabeth (nee Scholl) Claflin had a boarding house (mixed surnames,probably a boarding House)in Madison, Jefferson Co., INa widow with family and others on 1860 Census1860 She is 52 and runs a Boarding House.--from Bob Haefner

From Sue Kruse

2007-10-22T18:07:00.000-07:00

I wondered it you'd be interested in scanning a copy of the original diary to the blog? It shows her handwriting, original spelling, and from the two pages I have (how I wish I had more!), it's obvious that the copies we have did not include every entry. I'll attach them, but it may be they just won't be readable.If it is easy for you to explain to me how to post a message on the blog, please do. I'd like to comment on her sisters. Did you know Margy was murdered and Ethe committed suicide, and Debby died in childbirth, possibly of an overdose of painkiller while her husband (the doctor) was away? Sue

Handy Links

2007-10-22T09:59:00.000-07:00

Here are some links that might come in handy.

Here's one for some of the Phillips mentioned in the diary: http://forneyclarkgenealogy.com. Donna Forney Clark, who keeps this website, reports that Ethelina Waldsmith "Ethe" Young married Nicholas Skeel "Nick" Belch. Nick was Donna's great great grandfather.

http://scottcoind.blogspot.com. This web site has extensive info about the Whitsitt family in southern Indiana.

Here's a link for Jennings Co. IN, and through it you can link to other Indiana counties: http://www.countyhistory.com/jennings/start.html

Here's a link to the Scott Co. IN Historical Society: www.angelfire.com/in4/scottcounty/Links.html

Somewhere I have the links for the newspaper obits.

Thomas H. Phillips

2007-10-21T21:54:00.000-07:00

follow land better. did harvey get john t.'s farm?
was milton a smith or robinson?
suspicious dates on Sandra Phillips in 6th gen.
check dates of death on lusks in 5th gen.
where are robin and nellie buried?
Eiza smith's will?
is it brainerd or brainard?
see Josephy's Civil War in the West for good stuff about marmaduke and Gen. Ewing's Order No. 11 moving people out of western MO. this is at the end of book about p380. Also that more recent book had some personal info on marmaduke
4th gen: where were almond's kids married?
DOB Sherman Phillips
note wilbur gives welly's name as weldon
boyers had different spellings

COPYRIGHT 1988 JOHN PHILLIPS, CABIN JOHN, MD.

FIRST GENERATION

THOMAS H. PHILLIPS was born in North Carolina between 1790 and '94, when George Washington was president. Time has obscured his origins and early years. We'll try to make some sense of his background, but we'll have to inundate you with many confusing people of similar names. To simplify, we'll refer to our ancestor as Thomas H. or "Tom." (We won't number anyone because people don't deserve numbers.)
His family probably had left Dorchester County, Maryland, about 1788 to settle on Carolina's once-fertile Piedmont, that sprawling expanse just east of the Appalachians. We think Tom descends from Philemon Phillips of Dorchester. We'll call this fellow Philemon Sr. He had six sons.
Five of them moved southward from Dorchester. The five were named John, William, Thomas, James and Ezekiel. This Thomas--the one who was Philemon's son--wasn't our Thomas H. Phillips. Philemon Sr.'s son Thomas because a church elder, so we'll try to keep our Thomases straight by calling this fellow "Elder Thomas Phillips" hereafter. We'll also refer to John as "John of Mount Sterling, Kentucky," because that's where he ended up.
These five brothers weren't the only people from Dorchester to head south. Neighbors named Brannock, Matkins, Busick, Ross, Mareign, Murray, Jones, Wheeler, Lowe and Thompson did, too. So did Joseph Phillips, who apparently was a nephew of those sons of Philemon Sr. in Carolina.
Looking back at Dorchester momentarily, there was a sixth brother there: Philemon Jr. We know that he had a son Joseph. This likely was the fellow who migrated with his uncles. And it's certainly possible that Joseph had brothers who went along, too. But Philemon Jr. apparently remained in Maryland, which is important to remember.
To understand why these people moved south we must go back a bit in time, back to the Revolution. American and British armies had tramped back and forth through the Carolinas. General Daniel Morgan had led the famous American retreat across the Dan River. General Nathanael Greene's Americans and Lord Cornwallis' redcoats had fought a bloody stalemate at Guilford Court House.
Soldiers from Dorchester obviously fought there. They must have carried home stories of Carolina's fine tobacco crops and warm sunshine. This brought a flood of settlers southward after the war.
Now, let's return to our Thomas H. Phillips. Let's look at those people living on or near North Carolina's Deep River to see if we can find likely parents for him. First, you might look at a map of that part of the state. Many new counties were created in the 1800s, but if you find Kernersville you'll be looking at generally the right area.
Next let's eliminate three of old Philemon Sr.'s sons as potential fathers: we know Thomas H. didn't descend from John, William, Elder Thomas or James Phillips. We know that because we know just who their kids were. (We'll worry about Ezekiel later.)
Thomas H.'s father might have been the Joseph Phillips who lived in Rockingham County, or one of Joseph's presumed brothers. Or it might have been the John Phillips who lived on Belew's Creek in present Forsyth County, North Carolina. He's the only prospect known to have named a son Thomas.
On July 6, 1805, John of Belew's Creek drew up an unusual document: for "natural love and affection," he gave livestock and household items to his children, whom he identified as Daniel, Samuel, Milley, Nancy, William and Thomas. Thomas got two yearling calves. Andrew Robinson and Roderick Flynt witnessed the affair and Robinson had the deed registered at the courthouse. John and his family continued to live on Belew's Creek until 1816. We then lose track of him. Or perhaps we should say that he either died or became one of the countless Johns in other counties and states.
This John of Belew's Creek definitely wasn't Philemon Sr.'s son John. And it's difficult mathematically to fit him into the Dorchester group at all. So, let's try concentrating on records for "Thomas Phillips" in that area of North Carolina.
In October 1812, a Thomas Phillips appeared in Superior Court records in Stokes County, North Carolina. Case 18 on the docket was Nancy Robinson v. Thomas Phillips, and the clerk noted "no return on writ ipue alias." When the case came up in April 1813, the clerk noted: "alias executed and compromised, A. Robinson assumes costs." Andrew Robinson, of course, lived on Belews Creek then. (An "alias writ is a duplicate of an earlier one that had brought no results.)
Case 15 of May 1813 was Alvis Walker v. "Fermon Phillips." As no one named "Fermon Phillips" seems to reappear in any other records in that area, it seems possible that the case involved Philemon Phillips of Guilford County, which then was adjacent to Stokes. Philemon, who appears in the census, almost certainly was closely related to Thomas H. Phillips. On October 20, 1814, the clerk noted that "Ferman Phillips" was guilty of larceny for his fracas with Walker.
The only two things we know for certain about our Thomas H.'s youth in Carolina were that he never learned to write even his name and that on December 19, 1816, he married Martha Pitts in Rowan County. A justice of the peace, Solomon Davis, performed the ceremony. (Carolinians call it "Roe-ANN," not "Ro-win" or Rone." It's traditional in Scotland to plant a rowan tree near your front door. It keeps witches and goblins away.)
Davis owned land on Abbotts Creek (just below Belew's Creek) and attended Abbotts Creek Baptist Church in present-day Davidson County, about a mile south of the present Forsyth line. (The Abbotts Creek settlement had been a hotbed of dissent in the War of the Regulation. A large group there refused to sign Governor Tryon's oath of allegiance. Many were declared outlaws. The Battle of Alamance suppressed the revolt in 1771.) The half-dozen or so families of the Pitts clan lived northward, just into a corner of Stokes County that has since become Forsyth. So more than likely Tom, Martha and their witness, Henry Pitts, crossed the county line southward from old Stokes merely to find the nearest justice of the peace.
In the custom of that day, Tom and Henry signed a marriage bond, Henry scrawling his signature and Tom his X. Such bonds were an English tradition and usually nothing more than antiquated formalities. By signing, Tom and Henry, who probably was Martha's young first cousin, pledged to pay the governor of the state 500 pounds if it ever turned out that the marriage was bigamous or otherwise unlawful.
Tom was probably between 22 and 26 then. Martha, though, was three days past her 27th birthday. She'd been born there in Carolina December 13, 1789, meaning she been considered a spinster long before marrying Tom. There is some evidence (which will be mentioned later) that, like many Marthas, she was called "Patsy."
Solomon Davis, one of the so-called "founding justices" of Davidson County, performed marriages for no other Phillips. But in 1818 he did perform a ceremony for Levi Pitts and Mary Salisbury. David Hendricks was bondsman for that wedding, just as he had been on October 5, 1816 when a man named Aaron Phillips had married Mary Pegg up in Stokes County. (Hendricks was a carpenter who lived 1792-1854 and married Elizabeth Jones. He spent his whole life in the Kernersville area.)
"Martha" and "Elizabeth" were the favorite girls' names among the Pittses and most of old Andrew Pitts' sons had given daughters those names. Old Andy had settled many years before on the headwaters of Deep River, just about where modern Forsyth abuts Guilford County. Son Samuel and daughter-in-law Elizabeth Jones probably were the parents of the Martha who married Tom, but Pitts descendants today are confused about which Martha was which. Sam Pitts had died in 1812, leaving "my daughter Martha one feather bed & furniture and one cow when married."
The year Tom and Martha were married was oddly memorable; it was the year summer never came. Snowstorms beset North America and western Europe. The snow was as 10 inches deep throughout New England and two feet deep in Connecticut. One heavy snow blanketed New England on June 6. Even much farther south, in July and August, some lakes were frozen over. On July 4 the high temperature in Savannah, Georgia, was 46 degrees. During August, most daytime temperatures in the U.S. and northern Europe were in the 40s. Most nights there were frosts. Crops failed everywhere. No one had any idea what was wrong. Some modern scientists blame volcanic dust and ash. The volcano Tambora in Java had erupted April 5, 1815. It spewed 30 cubic miles of dust into the atmosphere, causing three days of darkness that terrified Japanese.
And starting that year, 1816, tax lists in Stokes County show that a man named Thomas Phillips owned 45 acres worth $135; no deed had been recorded, though.
Meantime, North Carolina's farm land was giving out, just like Maryland's. Americans hadn't yet learned to rotate crops. Tobacco, year in, year out, soon wears out soil. By the mid-1790s farmers were looking westward. In 1795 Philemon Sr.'s sons John and William had sought the greener pastures of Kentucky, once that the Indians had pledged to stay north of the Ohio River, and the white settlers had pledged to stay south of it. The two brothers took their families to, first, Jessamine County, then to Montgomery County. In the latter county, they lived near Mount Sterling, about 70 miles southeast of Cincinnati, Ohio.
In 1812, Elder Thomas Phillips headed for Kentucky, too. There he, wife Sally and their family settled in Clark County, within a few miles of brothers John and William in Montgomery County. John, who farmed near Mount Sterling the rest of his life, is important to our story later on. Elder Thomas lived on land once owned by Daniel Boone, and Elder Thomas' son Nathan married Boone's niece.
Of course neither the Indians nor the white men honored their promises to keep the Ohio River between them, and, about 1818, men named John and Ezekiel Phillips turned up in the new county of Jefferson in the new state of Indiana. They quickly helped found a Methodist church called Pisgah.
This is yet another John. Backtracking a bit, we know that John of Mount Sterling had a son John. We know this son moved to southern Indiana. We presume he was the man who helped found Pisgah. But there were other John Phillipses in the area before long, and they blend together in a mish-mash of Johns.
The Ezekiel who arrived in Indiana is a mystery. He apparently wasn't young. Judging by some records, he was past his mid-40s and apparently had started a second family with a younger wife named Margaret. Maybe he was Philemon Sr.'s son, maybe he wasn't.
Some of Tom's descendants say he and Martha spent some time in southern Indiana about 1817. But they were back in Carolina in 1818, when daughter Elizabeth was born. People called her "Betsy." A year later, they had a son, John Thomas. According to a descendant, John was born "near Charlotte," but just how near is near?
In 1818, those 45 acres that Thomas Phillips owned were still worth $135. Aaron Phillips, who lived nearby, owned 115 acres worth $150. By 1820, Thomas apparently had lost or sold his 46 acres, but Aaron still had his 115.
When the federal census was taken in 1820, a Thomas Phillips and his family were counted in Stokes, not far from where the Pitts families lived. The census taker listed the approximate ages and sexes of those in the home and the data seems to match Thomas H. and his family.
The county tax list that year showed that Thomas Phillips had somehow obtained 115 acres on Abbotts Creek, obviously from Aaron Phillips.
About that same year, Martha had a second daughter, Easter, whose name probably was pronounced "Esther." A second son, whose name is unknown, probably was born one to five years later.
On May 15, 1821, the Thomas Phillips in Stokes mortgaged his 115-acre farm; he had to pay merchant Andrew Lindsay $80 by March 1, 1822 to keep the sheriff away. Lindsay's store, just across the line into Guilford County, sold seed, farm supplies and probably most anything else. According to the mortgage, Thomas had bought Aaron's land although he hadn't registered the deed.
Apparently Phillips paid the $80, then on August 7, 1822 sold the land to neighbor John Kinnaman for $160. Lindsay, whose store was a hub of community affairs, was one of the witnesses. Thomas Phillips didn't appear on the tax list of 1823 and didn't reappear thereafter.
(Researching John Kinneman doesn't seem to lead anywhere. He left a will in Stokes in 1828. He said he had seven sons but mentioned Samuel, John, Thomas, Walter, Zachariah, Richard, Henry and George, which make eight. His widow was named Eleanor. The witness to the will was Squire Ledford, who really wasn't a "squire." A Squire Ledford, who had been born in 1816 give or take a year, had married Rhoda Phillips, a daughter of David Phillips and granddaughter of a John Phillips. Obviously Squire couldn't have witnessed a will when he was 12 years old, but he likely had an older relative of the same unlikely name.)
Two--and possibly three--deaths grieved the family in 1824. In mid-October, Ezekiel Phillips died in Jefferson County, Indiana. His will, apparently hastily drawn, mentioned wife Margaret, sons John and Rueben and daughters Rhoda, Polly and Lurana. The children were "all young and unable to provide for themselves," the will said; but it didn't mention any grown children. (There are circulating records identifying the widow as the former Peggy Peelle; she is said to have been born March 31, 1783 in Wayne County, North Carolina, and to have been disowned by the Quakers for having a child out of wedlock. She married Ezekiel about 1810. Peele researchers say son Rueben went to Nacogdoches, Texas, and Lurana lived in or near Richmond in Wayne County, Indiana, where she died in 1915. Rueben seems, rather, to have gone to Oregon.)
And across the Ohio River in Kentucky, old Philemon Sr.'s son William Phillips died in Montgomery County leaving a sprawling family. But his brother, Elder Thomas Phillips, was still ready to seek his fortune further west; he pushed across the Ohio River into southern Illinois, and, with sons Nimrod, Nathan and Thomas Jr., helped settle Pike County. Thomas, as a church elder, performed marriages sometimes, but mainly farmed. Nimrod operated a ferry across the Illinois River. Nathan was a doctor. (Thomas Jr. isn't important to our story.)
Also in 1824 a spinster named Sarah "Sally" Jones died back in Stokes County, North Carolina. A sister of the late Samuel Pitts' wife, she left a will in which she carefully distributed her pewter plates, handkerchiefs and household items to sisters and nieces. She also included a bequest to a woman whose relationship, if any, was unspecified: " . . . I give to Patsey Philips my old saddle two cotton [tablets?] . . ."
By then, wagon after wagon was leaving Piedmont Carolina every day; no longer could farmers live off the land. In the Deep River area of Stokes, 21 men, including Aaron Phillips, made the county's "list of insolvents." (In the 1840s Aaron moved to Randolph County, Indiana.)
In the 1820s, Thomas H. Phillips went to southern Indiana, not a surprising place to go considering that he probably had one or more brothers and several cousins there--and they'd already lived there several years. Even Martha seems to have had an Uncle Andrew Pitts in Washington County. (See below for more about him.)
Just when Tom went to Indiana is uncertain. He apparently went back and forth several times, which was hardly unusual. According to one Phillips tradition, he left his family in North Carolina and moved to a cabin in Jennings County, just northwest of Commiskey in 1826. Great grandson Wilbur Phillips claimed to have found the cabin years later. Some descendants believe Tom abandoned his family in North Carolina; some believe that he merely preceded Martha and the children so he could find or build a cabin. Whichever, she and the children either joined him later by prearranged plan, or "found" him, depending on how you interpret the story.
But Arbuckle descendants believe that the whole family made the trip together, arriving in Jennings County in late March 1829. If this were so, then it wasn't the family's first trip to Indiana. This wouldn't have been unusual as many families went back east temporarily. (As shown in young Martha's article in the next generation, she likely had the most accurate information.)
We know that Tom's wife had been in Indiana before 1829. She had son Isaac about 1826; one census shows he was born in Indiana, another in North Carolina. And about 1828, she had son Green Berry in Indiana. Then in February 1829, she and Tom had daughter Martha, apparently in North Carolina. But various stories notwithstanding, Tom and wife Martha lived together in Indiana at least about 1828, when Green Berry was born. One unidentified son, apparently the boy born after John, drowned there in a stream while playing or fishing.
Soon, probably in the spring of 1830, Tom and Martha split up. He and another woman--some say his housekeeper--gathered John, about 11; Easter, about 10; and Green Berry, about 2, into a spring wagon and headed out. No one knows what wife Martha said or did about this. Nor can anyone explain why Tom took some children and not others. Perhaps he and Martha agreed on the separation and divided up the children; perhaps she didn't learn about it until after it happened.
Somewhere down the road, young John jumped from the wagon and returned to his mother. Family stories say that Tom pleaded in vain for John to get back into the wagon. Finally, John was left in poverty with the others; Tom had left no good reputation behind him. He's the family villain, although some descendants (mostly male) wonder if he was being chivalrous by taking the rap for a failed marriage.
Tom is said to have been "lost" to his wife and children in Indiana, yet subsequent events show that they knew where he was at least part of the time. Although Martha might not have known it then, he and his makeshift family were in Illinois two years, where son Annanias was born in 1830 and son Ebenezer in 1832. Just where in Illinois the family lived is unknown: it could have been Schuyler County or Montgomery, where families of the appropriate name and approximate statistics lived in 1830. Or it could have been Pike County. Tom wasn't recorded in Pike's census, but he could have been traveling that summer. Pike, after all, was where Elder Thomas Phillips lived. (Coincidentally, the Elder Thomas' son Thomas Jr. was recorded in Pike and his data approximates Thomas H.'s.)
Martha was left with Betsy, about 12; John, about 11; Isaac, about 4, and baby Martha. They were listed in the 1820 census of Jennings County. A widow named Margaret Phillips apparently lived adjacent. She was slightly older than Martha and probably was Ezekiel's widow. A William Phillips, about the same age as Tom, lived not far off. Just exactly where they lived, near Paris at the southern end of the county, or near Zenas in the northeast corner, is uncertain.
On Christmas Eve 1831, Robert Smith of nearby Jefferson County saw young John T. working at a store in Paris and took him home to celebrate Christmas with the Smiths. Three days later, the overseers of the poor in Jennings County signed apprenticeship papers; John grew up at the Smith home.
(There's an interesting story about Paris. It had been in Jefferson County. A wild and woolly place, it was the scene of fistfights on Saturday nights. It was a long way from Madison, the county seat, and the sheriff tired of weekly trips there; it was agreed that Jennings County officials should look after the area. A glance at a map will show that it was merely tacked on the bottom of Jennings.)
On January 31, 1833, Martha, then 43, and John Stagg got a marriage license in Jennings County. On February 2, they were married by David Elliott, a justice of the peace near Zenas in the northeast corner of the county. Stagg, who had grown-up children, was 72. His previous wife, the former Sarah Turner, had died. Records don't reveal if he formally adopted Elizabeth, Isaac or young Martha. He probably didn't, but, judging by the 1840 census of Jennings, he took his bride and her family into his home. The census lists one male aged 80 to 90, one female 50 to 60, one male 10 to 15 and one female 10 to 15. John J. Stagg, apparently a son of the elder John, lived nearby. He and the woman of the house were 20 to 30 and had no children.
Stagg had been born in Bergen County, New Jersey. In August 1776, when about 15 and living near Haverstraw, New York, he had enlisted in the army as a private. He had served until the next January under Major Abraham UnderDunk and Captain Van Houton, officers who are unlisted in Heitman's Register, indicating that they probably had led militia units. Stagg had been marched to Peekskill, New York, then had served out his time at Redhook Fort on Long Island.
Next he'd enlisted under Captain Bell--probably in a militia company--and marched about the New York City area for nine months, from Tappan to Kings Ferry to White Plains, then back to Kings Ferry and Tappan. (Kings Ferry was on the Hudson River about 25 miles north of New York City and about 12 miles south of West Point. Tappan is in Rockland County.) It was a dull tour of duty except for one thing John never forgot: when his outfit had rendezvoused with the main army at White Plains, he'd seen General Washington.
A private citizen again, he'd moved back to Bergen County. About September 1780, he'd enlisted in Colonel Israel Shreve's 2nd New Jersey Regiment of the Continental Army in time to see British Major John Andre hanged October 2 as a spy, or at least to hear enough about it to remember it the rest of his life. Nothing much else happened this enlistment, which included a dull winter camp in New Jersey.
Then, after the shooting stopped, he enlisted again in 1783 under Captain Peter Ward at Hackensack, New Jersey. The scouting parties were what John remembered of this term. By the time he got home, he'd spent a total of two years and eight months in the army, a relatively long and relatively dull hitch. If anything, though, he'd been a persistent patriot.
On September 15, 1790, he received bounty land certificate 7830 for his service in the New York line. He assigned it to John S. Hobart et al. After continuing to live in New Jersey and New York City, he'd moved to Ohio, then Indiana. In August 1832, he'd applied for pension in Jennings County under the law passed that June 7. He was 72 and it was his first pension claim; he hadn't applied earlier, when only invalids and indigents had been pensioned. He said he lived near William Hanley, David Elliot Esqr., John Walker Esqr., Wm. A. Bullock Esqr. and "John Vauter, late marshal of the district of Indiana and many others."
When pressed for names of old friends with whom he had served, he remembered John Post, "who if still living now resides in New Jersey," and Albert Wilson, "who if living resides in the city of New York." John signed his documents by mark.
On November 23, 1832, his certificate was issued and he was put on the pension roll retroactive to March 4, 1831. He was to get $80 a year, plus $160 in arrears. Five weeks later he had married Martha, apparently saving her and her family from poverty.
On August 24, 1835, Betsy Phillips married John M. Arbuckle. That same year, her father turned up in Cole County, Missouri, on the south banks of the Missouri River near Jefferson City. Land records show that a T.H. Phillips bought land in township 43 of range 13. Among other buyers in that township in that era were Hugh Gartin, Abram Murith, Thomas H. Taylor, Jacob Hale, W.C. Porter, James Thompson, Xeveryhure B. White and William Daughtery, and families named Warfield, Merrit, Howard, Strong and Hinds. Two other men of Tom's generation, Green B. Phillips and Moses Phillips, lived in the county and might have been kin, considering Tom had named a son Green Berry.
That December 17, daughter Easter married Robert Reed Feaster in Cole County. She was an extremely young bride--not much more than 15--and probably the youngest bride in the family. Tom seems to have gained a son, though, rather than lost a daughter.
And soon, he had gained two real daughters: Mary Jane in 1836 and Malinda in 1837.
On August 26, 1839, Tom bought 160 acres in Greene County, Missouri, near the town of Bois D'Arc, about 10 miles west of Springfield. He got the land from the federal government.
The famous Homestead Act wasn't approved until May 1862. Before that, land in Missouri couldn't be sold until it was surveyed. Survey dates for counties in southwest Missouri differ, and settlers often lived on the land several years before it was surveyed and they could buy it.
It's unclear, but perhaps Tom had lived on the three full years prior to 1839, making payments each year. Obviously, the land was uncleared. It was the southwest quarter of section 5 of township 29 of range 24. He cleared it and farmed it for 13 years. Robert and Easter Feaster bought land nearby.
Here's some data taken from a booklet called United States Land Sales in Missouri, Spring Land Office Abstracts, 1835-1846:
S T E ACRES DATE
Warner Phillips 25 28 22 80 2/2/1838 to 2/1/1839
Johny Phillips 14 28 22 160 "
Warner Phillips 24 28 22 160 "
Joel Phillips 2 28 23 80 "
Joel Phillips 2 28 23 80 "
Joel Phillips 11 28 23 40 2/2/1839 to 2/1/1840
Garner Phillips 35 37 25 40 "
Thomas H. Phillips 5 29 24 80 "
Daniel Phillips 14 37 24 160 "
Thomas H. Phillips 5 29 24 80 "
Edward West 5 29 24 80.36 "
Edward West 6 29 24 40
Robert Feaster 5 29 24 40 "
James Phillips 19 37 24 40 2/2/1840 to 2/1/1841
Garner Phillips 36 37 25 80 "
John Phillips 19 28 22 39.99 "
Silas Grantham 5 29 24 44.42 2/2/1841 to 2/1/1842
Silas Grantham 6 29 24 46.27 "
Silas Grantham 1 29 25 40.45 "
Joseph Grantham 35 32 26 40 "
Note: Most of these are sprinkled throughout the listings. Thomas H. Phillips and James Feaster did appear on consecutive lines, and Silas Grantham's three purchases were listed consecutively. The first two, involving Warner and Johny, were consecutive.

The 1840 census of Greene County shows Thomas aged 40 to 50. There were two boys aged 10 to 15 and one five to 10. There were three females, one aged 40 to 50, one five to 10 and one under five. Robert and Easter lived adjacent.
Federal land records of 1840 show that Thomas H. Phillips of Cole County patented two parcels. The records also show that on Nov. 10, 1841, Thomas H. Phillips of Cooper County, Missouri, patented two parcels. These four parcels don't fit in well in our chronology; I lack further information about them and suspect that closer examination would clarify things. (We might also follow up and see how Tom disposed of these four parcels.)
Tom sued Alexander E. Cox during the July term of the Green County Circuit Court. Dismissal of the suit is recorded on page 271 of Book B.
During the May term of that court in 1843, Tom served on two juries involving charges of gaming. (See Book B: 311 and 315.) The 1843 personal tax list of Greene County shows Thomas H. Phillips and Robert Feaster.
Springfield was a wild town, one of the wildest on the frontier even in the 1860s. In summer 1865 Wild Bill Hickock shot Dave Tutt, killing him, on the city streets in front of a many spectators, near the city square. The town was a busy place with many Phillipses. On Nov. 7, 1846, the Springfield Advertiser carried legal notice of death of John Philips. B.T. Nowlin administered the estate. Among letters left at the Springfield post office on Sept. 30, 1844 were those addressed to: William Philips, James Philips, Ezekiel Boone, Mrs. Mary C. Boone, etc. There was a letter left for James Phillips on June 30, 1845. Letters were left on Jan. 9, 1849 for N.J. Phillips, Joel Phillips, Nathan Boon, John Boon, etc. April 7, 1849 shows T. Phillips, Joel Phillips and Wm. Phillips. On Oct. 3, 1848: Joel Phillip. On June 28, 1849 to Joseph S. Philips. On Dec. 31, 1845 to Jackson Phillips and J.J. Philips.
A couple of years later, Isaac Redfern sued Tom in Greene County Circuit Court. During the November term in 1849, a jury ordered Tom to pay a debt of $22.51 1/2, plus $2.65 in damages. (Book C:327)
Back in Indiana, John Stagg died July 9, 1846, he was about 86. Martha had to surrender his pension certificate, but his will left everything to her. That December 31, daughter Martha married Alexander H. Arbuckle, her brother-in-law's brother. That left only son Isaac at home, although there is some indication that Sarah Stagg lived there, too. Sarah perhaps was one of John's children by a former marriage.
Martha sold her late husband's land March 19, 1849 to his grown son John for $100. In 1850, she lived with Isaac adjacent to married daughters Martha and Elizabeth.
That summer the census taker visited Bois D'Arc and recorded his glimpse into Tom's home. Tom's age was given as 56. Green Berry, Annanias, Ebenezer, young Mary, Malinda and Amos all lived at home. Tom's wife was named Mary; she had been born in North Carolina about 1796. We don't know, though, that she had left Indiana with Tom.
On October 25, 1852, Tom had his will drawn. He was 58 to 62 then, and sons Green Berry, Annanias and Ebenezer were married or nearly so. The text of the will is below. I've added the boldface for convenience.

I Thomas H. Phillips of the County of Green and State of Missouri do make and publish form following that is to say First it is my will that my funeral expenses and all my just debts be fully paid.
Second I devise and bequeath to my beloved wife Mary Phillips in lieu of her dower the plantation on which we now reside Situate and being the West half of the south west quarter of section five in town ship Twenty nine of Range 24 west. also the South east quarter of the south west quarter of the above named section also all my Horses Cattle sheep hogs and all my farming tols wheat fan and every thing on or belonging to the farm nothing Excluded. During her natchural life or widow hood then at her death or marriag to be sold and divided amonst my children.
and lastly I here byly constitutes and appoint my sons Greenberry Phillips and Annanias Phillips to be the Executors to this my last will and testiment [and?] annulling all former wills by me made and ratifying and confirming this and no other in testimony whereof I have here unto set my hand and seal this the 25 day of october in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two signed published and delivered by the above named thomas H. Phillips as his last will and and testament In presants of us at his request have signed as witnesses in the same.
Thomas H phillips
[his mark]
Silas Grantham
Edward West
[signatures]

West and Grantham were Tom's neighbors. West had been born about 1807 in Tennessee and had remained there till about 1840. Grantham's daughter Sarah eventually married Green Berry. Grantham, who was a justice of the peace at one time or another, probably was what was sometimes called a "country lawyer." That is, he probably was intelligent as well as literate and therefore able to write deeds and wills, although perhaps not an actual lawyer. He lived 1800-82, according to Grantham researchers. He'd been born in North Carolina. He'd then lived in Washington County, Indiana, where records show he married Verina Nicholson on September 2, 1825. On November 14, 1844, Grantham, as a Greene County justice of the peace, had performed a marriage ceremony for Lindsey Nichols and Louisa Redfern.
Judging by the handwriting, Silas wrote the will for Tom; the spelling and punctuation probably were his. Tom's provisions were fairly standard: he left everything to his wife but protected their children's interests should she remarry. Perhaps Tom had discussed the will with son Green Berry, who'd actually become a lawyer.
This was all well and good, but on August 23, 1853, Tom and Mary sold much of the land to Hugh Middleton for $1,100. They kept "eight square rods to include a certain spring on the south boundary line of the half of said quarter." Son Annanias and R.B. Wilson witnessed the deal, which was recorded in Springfield that September 5. Then Tom and Mary moved to nearby Barry County, not far from where Joplin is.
Back in Indiana, Martha Stagg had gotten a copy of her marriage documents from William P. Shields, the clerk in Vernon, on February 8, 1851, and in March and April 1853 she applied for a widow's pension under a law passed that February 3. Her generation was growing old; more and more time would be spent in court. On March 3, 1853, she had affidavits drawn in Vernon, showing where she lived and where her late husband had drawn his pension. Her pension as a widow of a Revolutionary War soldier finally was granted March 22, 1853.
On March 22, 1854, she reiterated most of the information, named Oliphalet Pastor of Cincinnati her pension attorney and asked that she get her checks at Madison. Ezekiel Lewis and Samuel Arbuckle swore a corroborating document. On June 24, 1854, she swore other similar documents and Ezekiel Lewis and Obabiah W. Dolen vouched for her.
It was in Barry County that Tom died, apparently in the spring of 1854. His gravesite is unknown. He died just a few years before photography became common throughout the country, so he probably was never photographed. Grantham and West proved the will in Barry County June 9, 1854, starting four years of legal turmoil for the Phillipses.
Barry County's records have not worn well with time. Many have faded. Presumably some are missing. And they weren't very good to start with. Frontier courts often kept sketchy records and the clerks obviously labored in vain trying to write as fast as the lawyers could talk. And Barry's clerk couldn't write very well to start with.
The records that have been found concerning Tom's estate could be interpreted many ways. The handwriting is often as confusing as the legalities the clerk was trying to record, making it difficult today for us to tell just what was going on. Besides this overall muddle, there are two major gaps in the records: we don't know if Tom owned land when he died and the court seems to have forgotten about young Amos Phillips. And, in dealing with the probate records, we meet John Smith, a man whose role in the affair is unclear. Smith, whose middle initial was I or J, proved controversial.
To start with, it was obvious that Tom's will was outdated: he'd sold the farm in Greene County. And things went steadily downhill from there. Widow Mary, Green Berry and Annanias were accused of selling estate property before the inventory or of keeping money belonging to the estate. One suit involved Annanias Phillips, Robert Feaster, Easter Feaster, Isan Williams, William A. Medlin and Polly A. Medlin, but the records never explained who the Medlins were.
On July 15, 1854, someone got a court order telling "Greenbury and Annias Philips, Executors of the last Will and Testament of Thomas H. Philips deceased, you are hereby notified to take out letters of administration upon said will within 30 days following this date, or letters of administration will be presented to some other suitible [?] person after that time . . ." There is a postscript on the bottom of the document that seems to read: "This is the notice I want you to return to the court."
On July 25, 1854, Robert Feaster swore the following document before Gideon Jackson, a justice of the peace: "I Robert R. Feaster, do hereby certify that I did serve the within notice on Greenberry Phillips by delivering to him on the 19th day of July 1854 a true copy of this within notice and on Annias Phillips on the same day & year by reading the same in the hearing of the said Annias Phillips and delivering to him a true copy of the same." Feaster signed his name somewhat clumsily. Presumably he had read the document to Annanias because Annanias couldn't read well.
An undated document, apparently written on a small sheet of paper, was recorded about that time and reads:

We the executors of Thomas Phillipses Will do here by Relinquish our Right of executorship and appoint John Smith executor to said.
[signed] G.B. Phillips
Ananias Phillips

In another undated document probably filed about that time, Mary, Annanias and Green Berry asked the court to let John Smith administer the estate, "with the will annexed." They added that, if Smith wouldn't serve under those conditions, that someone else should be found to administer the estate "with the will annexed" and "according to the intent and meaning of the testator and the law." B.S. Hendrick, who signed the document, identified himself as the lawyer for Mary, Annanias and Green Berry.
On August 10, 1854, Smith agreed to administer the estate. He told the court in Barry that Tom "had died with a will" and that widow Mary, Easter Feaster, Mary Jane Phillips, Malinda Phillips and Amos Phillips of Barry County, Green Berry and Ebenezer Phillips of Greene County and Annanias Phillips of Lawrence County were Tom's heirs. William Owen and A.B. Brown were Smith's suretors. Owen was the only one who could sign his name, apparently indicating that Smith wasn't a lawyer.
The court appointed three men to appraise the estate: William Johnson, John Medlen and W.O. Medlen. Each swore he was not kin to Tom and had no interest in the estate. On August 12, 1854, they filed their appraisal:

1 Sorrel Mare 100.00
1 Bay Horse 85.00
1 Bay Colt 50.00
1 Bay Horse 25.00
1 Red Cow 18.00
1 Pided [piebald?] cow & calf & bell 20.00
1 Bindle Stear 13.00
1 White Heifer 6.00
3 Head of Sheep and Bell 6.75
1 Cuting knife & Box 1.50
1 Two Horsewagon [?] 35.00
1 Wheat Fan 22.50
1 Set Black Smith tools 30.00
1 Cross Cutsaw 3.00
1 Broad Ax 3.00
1 Sythe & cradle 1.50
1 Madax [maddock?] .75
1 Saw drawing knif square 1.00[?]
3 Augers 1 Chissel 5.00
1 F--- [?] .50
1 Buo [?] plane o c [?] .25
1 Pough .50
1 Bell & Cotton [?] .60 [?]
1 Diamond Plough 1.50[?]
1 Plugh [plough?] .50
1 Grind stone .25
1 Set[?] of Harrup[?] & Gra- [?] 7.00[?]
______
427.50
1 pr of Chains & Back Band .30
1 Blind Bridal .35
1 Saddle Bridal & Martingale 6.00
1 Hhd[?] .50
1 Riffle Gun 8.00
1 pr Steelyards 4.00
1 Bed Stead 3.00
2 Singletree & Clevices 1.00
1 Heos [hose, hoes?] .30
______
448.50
We do certify that the above is a true scedule [sic] of all the property to us produced.
[signed] William Johnson
John Medlin

A steelyard is a balance-type scales. A singletree, also called a whiffletree, is the pivoted swinging bar to which the traces of a harness are fastened. A clevice is a metal shackle used to join various parts. A cradle sythe was used to cut grain. A maddock was a digging or grubbing tool. Martingales are straps that keep skiddish horses from jerking their heads.
On September 4, 1854, someone--probably Smith--prepared an "inventory of the books, papers, moneys & evidences of debts." A.G. Anderson and D.P. Parker signed as witnesses, and Gideon Jackson as a justice of the peace. That list:

Money on hand $1.10
Money was on hand and that
Mrs. Phillips has used 105.00
Money that was on hand at Mr.
Phillips decds and taken by
Mr. L. Nickols on the 9th of
July for safe keeping. by Mrs.
Phillips request (as stated
by Mrs. P.) 15[?] Gold Piece 300.00
______
$406.10
Cash due the estate & paid
by Greenberry Phillips 10.00

Much of the estate was sold September 4, 1854. The tally, which is faded, difficult to read and subject to various interpretations:

Mary Jane Phillips, 1 Sorrel Mare, $95.00
Malinda Phillips, 1 Bay Horse, 75.00
Amos T. Phillips, 1 Bay Colt, 45.00
Wm P. Hemphill, 1 old Bay Horse, 21.00
Annanias Phillips, 1 Red Cow, 15.25
Greenberry Phillips, 1 spotted Cow & Calf, $20.00
Ebonezar Phillips, 1 yolk of stears, 24.00
Ebonezar Phillips, 1 White Heifer, 6.50
Wm S.[?] Mason, 3 Head of Sheep & Bell, 3.12 1/2
Ebonezar Phillips, 1 Bell & Collar, .50
Jno Medlin, 1 Cutting Knife & Box [?], 1.12 1/2
Jno Rhoads, 1 Wagon, 25.00
Stephen S. Wiles, 1 Wheat Fan, 15.50
Levi H. Smith, 1 Set Blacksmith Tools, 30.50
Jno Wise, 1 Cross cut Saw, 4.62 1/2
Wm [?] Johnson, 1 Broad Ax, 2.50
Jno Wise, 1 Sythe & Cradle, 1.30
John [?] Wilks [?], 1 Mattock, .75
Wm Gardner [?], 1 Saw drawing knife, square, 2.25
Wm Gardner [?], Three augers & 1 chissel, 1.00
Wm Waid, 1 Fa-- [?], .65
Annanias Phillips, 1 Plain & chissel, .25
Ebonezar Phillips, 2 Rod [?] & Screw [?], .20
Annanias [?] Phillips, 1 Lot Sundries, .70
P.F. [?] Barker [or Feaster?], 1 Bull [?] Tongue Plough [?], .50
Jno. Rhoads, 1 Bell & Collar, 1.05
Franklin Gibson, 1 Diamond Plough, 1.75
Wilburn Waid, Grind stone, .40
Franklin Gibson, 1 set Harness and Gear, 6.00
R.R. Feaster, 1 pr Chains & Backband, .75
Wm Waid, 1 Blind Bridal, .65
Wm P. Hemphill, 1 Saddle & Bridal, 5.12 1/2

Someone marked the total as $409.95. I figured $407.95, which actually was the figure carried over to a second sheet. On that second sheet:

J.M. Wilks (or I.M. Wilks), 1 Hhd, 1.05
R.R. Feaster, 1 Rifle Gun, $7
Mrs. Mary Phillips, Steelyards, 62 1/2 cents
Wm Waid, 1 pr Bed Steads, $4.75
Jno Medlin, 2 single trees & Clivises, 1.00
Ebonezar Phillips, 1 Lug pole, 1.50
R.R. Feaster, 1 Hoe, .62 1/2
Annanias Phillips, 1 Keg Tar & Plough [?], .50

The total on the second page was $17.05, making a grand total of $425. The list was prepared September 22, 1854 and signed by Alex G. Anderson, who noted he was Smith's clerk.
On October 3, 1854, Smith filed an inventory, probably of the sale. He included the estate's assets, except property "reserved as the absolute property of the widow." He also swore he hadn't owed Tom money.
On December 4, 1854, Smith went to court and swore that he believed that Green Berry, Annanias, Ebenezer and Mary had $230 that belonged to the estate. The court noted that Smith got a summons for Sarah Phillips, whom he said improperly held money and property belonging to the estate.
On January 24, 1855, Annanias signed a curious document:

Estate of Thomas H. Phillips Deceased Dr [Dt, Debit?]
1853 To Ananias Phillips
May To the money for 40. acres of land $240.00
To work and labor 25.00
_______
$265.00
is by one horse 50.00
______
$215.00
The administration of the Estate of Thomas H. Phillips Decd will please take notice that the above account will be presented to the County court of Barry County Missouri for allowance at the court house in Said County at the next March Term thereof
Ananias Phillips
This January the 24th 1855

In February 1855, Annanias Phillips sued the estate. Another notation in the file shows that Annanias, Mary and Green Berry were defendants in a suit, perhaps in the one mentioned earlier.
In March 1855, it became obvious that "Sarah Phillips" shouldn't have been summoned. (Green Berry's wife was named Sarah.) Widow Mary Phillips should have been summoned. So Smith amplified his allegations: Mary, Annanias and Green Berry had concealed property, cash and notes worth $230, he said. He asked for, and got, an attachment against Mary, to be served to her by the sheriff over in Greene County, where she was living.
On March 6, 1855, Mary, Annanias and Green Berry appeared in Cassville to answer Smith's charges. Smith's lawyer, J.M. Barker, asked the questions and the clerk of the court, William Hubbert, recorded the answers, then had Mary, Annanias and Green Berry sign under oath.
Barker asked Mary if she had anything belonging to the estate that she hadn't told Smith about, if she'd sold or given anything to anyone else, or if she'd destroyed or concealed "certain papers, moneys and evidence of debt." She said no, except that, if she had "sold goods and chattells or let them go that the plaintiff has no right" to them.
Then Barker specifically asked if she'd let Green Berry take some things and if Green Berry hadn't given her a note for those things, payable to her. Yes, she said, "he took some oxen but not by her permission & sold them and give his note to her for sixty dollars . . ." She said she'd offered the note to Smith even though Smith had no right to the note "nor the money for which the cattle was sold."
Barker asked Annanias if Mary hadn't loaned him money and if he hadn't given her a note, payable to her. Yes, he said, he'd borrowed $20, had given her his note for it and had repaid her. He said he didn't know the $20 had belonged to the estate. He signed his name rather unskillfully.
Green Berry said that "if he did take" anything from Tom's house, Smith had no right to it, except for two things. And Green said he'd offered those items to Smith. One item was saddlebags and the other appears to have been a harness.
Grantham and West appeared, too, that day, in open court in Cassville. They said Tom was "of sound mind and fully understood" what he was doing when he had his will drawn. Grantham said he'd signed Tom's name to the will because Tom had asked him to.
Grantham also testified that day in the administrator's case against "Mary E. Phillips," Annanias and Green Berry. Unfortunately the clerk's handwriting that day was especially bad. It appears that Grantham may have given a deposition, rather than appear in open court. Whichever, he offered new insight into the confusion, although perhaps adding to it.
Silas said that Tom deeded property to his children about the time the will was prepared. "I wrote a deed to Green Berry Phillips," Grantham said, "and there was a bond given but I did not write the bond." Green Berry gave Tom the bond and Tom deeded to Green Berry 40 acres, Silas said.
The matter was further complicated when Silas said that Green Berry gave a bond that he would deed 80 acres in Greene County to Amos Phillips when Amos came of age.
Moreover, Silas said, "the bond for the other 40 acres of land was give [sic] by [Green Berry] to sell at the time of the death or marriage of the old lady." Beyond that, Silas said he'd heard Green Berry "say that he had given up the deeds for the land and the trade was to be canceled, and the old man was to destroy the bonds and he expected he had done so. Green Berry was to sell the 40 acres that was deeded to the old lady at her death or marriage and the proceeds to be equally divided between his three daughters Easter, Mary & Malinda."
Muddling things still further, Silas said Green Berry gave a bond for 40 acres, "which he was to sell and divide between his three daughters. Both bonds were to be destroyed," and Green Berry had said he'd given up the deeds. This reference, it would appear, is repetitive; Green Berry seems to have had only one daughter then, so when Silas discussed this bond, he likely was talking about the one involving Tom's daughters Easter, Mary and Malinda. Green Berry appeared the next day, too, swearing in open court that he had taken nothing from the estate, but that "all he took was of his own right, to wit a yoke of oxen which he has sold . . . "
Finally that same day, March 7, 1855, the will, the one transcribed above, was "confirmed" and admitted to probate. Then Annanias, Green Berry and Ebenezer got the court to revoke Smith's letters of administration. This apparently was an about-face from their original insistence that Smith administer the estate according to the will. But by this time, tempers must have been short indeed.
The court named the public administrator to handle the estate and ordered Smith to "deliver all papers, moneys and effects in his hands and belonging to the estate" to the public administrator, James M. Barker, who presumably was the J.M. Barker who had been Smith's lawyer.
On May 24, 1855, Sheriff Samuel Fulbright of Greene County arrested Mary on "an attachment issued from the clerk's office in Barry County." Mary was freed on $100 bond, with Green Berry also pledging a $100 bond, on condition she appear in court in Cassville June 1. Neither Mary nor Green Berry actually put up the money but they acknowledged their indebtedness to the state of Missouri, should she fail to appear.
On June 30, 1855, Smith gave Barker a stack of notes dated September 4, 1854, the day of the sale. Barker recorded that the note Mary had given included the phrase "and others," and seems to have scrawled "et al" on most of the other notes for some reason. Barker signed a receipt for:

1 note on Mary Jane Philips
and others dated Sept. 4, 1854 for $95.00
1 note of W.P. Hemphill et al Dated
Sept. 4, 1854 26.12 1/2
1 note on Franklin Gibson et al
Dated Sept. 4, 1854 7.75
1 note on Malinday Philips et al
Dated Sept. 4, 1854 75.00
1 note on Annias Philips et al
Dated Sept. 4, 1854 45.00
1 note on John Rhodes et al
Dated Sept. 4, 1854 19.30
1 note on Annias Philips et al
Dated 4 Sept. 1854 16.70
1 note on R.R. Feaster et al
Dated 4 Sept. 1854 8.40
1 note on G. Philips et al
Dated 4 Sept. 1854 20.00
1 note on Ebenezer Philips
Dated Sept. 4th Sept. [sic] 32.70
1 note on William Waid et al
Dated Sept. 4th, 1854 6.05
Money on hand 270.19

In Indiana, Martha Stagg found herself in legal red tape, too. On April 3, 1855, she applied for bounty land under the new law of March 3. Appearing before Adam Brower, a justice of the peace in Jennings County, she said she was 66, that she was collecting $80 a year as the widow of a Revolutionary War soldier, and that she hadn't remarried. Samuel Arbuckle and Reason Redman witnessed her mark and vouched for her. Arbuckle marked, too.
On October 18, 1855, the Department of Interior's pension commissioner issued certificate 8166, entitling Martha to 160 acres of federal land. On October 31, she sold the certificate to George Fries of Cincinnati. She handled the sale in Jennings, apparently by signing the back of the certificate and having the transaction notarized. Perhaps she was merely following her Cincinnati lawyer's instructions and mailed the document to him so that he could pass it to Fries. No sale price was noted.
On November 25, 1855, Barker filed another inventory with the Barry court:

Inventory of the papers and evidence of debt of the Estate of Thomas H Philips decd, placed in my hand as administrator Dedimus of said Estate,
Malinday Philips note $75.00
Mary Jane Philips " 95.00
E Philips " 32.70
William Wade " 6.05
Robert R. Feaster " 8.40
Annias Philips " 16.70
John Roads " 29.30
Amos P. Philips " 45.00
Greenbury Philips " 20.00
Franklin Gibson " 7.75[?]
W.P. Hemphill " 26.12 1/2
______
$353.02 1/2
Money on hand 100.00
______
$453.02 1/2

There seems to be no way to add the notes up to exactly $353.02. The dollar amount of the "Roads" note has been written over and perhaps that accounts for the apparently faulty addition. Rhoads had given a note for $19.30, so, more than likely, the $29.30 figure is $10 too high. But that still leaves the arithmetic $1 off.
On December 12, 1855, George Fries used Martha's certificate at the land office at Fort Dodge, Kansas, to obtain 160 acres in section 12 of township 91 north of range 19 west.
Martha died July 2, 1856. She was buried with Stagg at Hopewell Methodist Cemetery, one mile north of Commiskey. Their stones were weathered but in reasonably good shape into the 1980s, easily findable on the first row to the far left. (Nearby, in the same row, is an interesting stone inscribed: "Evan Thomas, Feb. 22, 1757 to March 15, 1840, aged 82 years, 23 days. The old revolutioner was born in Maryland. When a boy the Indians killed all but him and by hiding he got away. On Dec. 10, 1778 was married to H Nixson. Jan. 29, 1789 was married to S. Booth. Dec. 25, 1810 was married to M. Everton." Some agency, perhaps the DAR, has noted on an additional marker that Evan was a private in Colonel Grisham's Virginia regiment and that Evan actually died February 1, 1840. John Stagg and Evan must have had many stories to exchange.)
Residents say that in Martha's day there was a Methodist Church adjacent to the cemetery.
A Bible owned by one of Martha's descendants contains family data and has been copied and recopied several times over. (See Elizabeth Esther Arbuckle in generation three.) One copy of these Bible records lists Martha's date of death as July 2, 1874. Although many riddles could be solved had Martha lived that long, the Bible record apparently has been miscopied. The public library in North Vernon has transcriptions of tombstone inscriptions throughout Jennings County and that compilation gives Martha's year of death as 1856; in 1977 I read the actual tombstone inscription as 1856. After the transcription of the Bible record surfaced, Myron Phillips of Deputy, Indiana, examined the stone and agreed that it is inscribed 1856. Copies of pension records provided by the National Archives do not show when Martha's pension ended; presumably a more thorough examination of pension records would verify the 1856 date of death.
Most Phillips descendants had forgotten Martha until the late 1970s, when details of her remarriage were pieced together. Some Arbuckle descendants remembered hearing of her and have speculated that she and Stagg were Sarah Stagg's parents. Few details are known about Sarah. A document dated 1850 in the pension files shows that Sarah Sloat, widow of Philip Sloat, was "the only surviving daughter and heir at law of John Stagg and that she was also the legal heir of Paul Stagg, relationship not shown."
Back in Missouri, the probate dragged on into 1856, the lawyers obviously enjoying it. As if Easter Feaster didn't have enough troubles, her husband died that year and his estate went to probate, too. John Smith administered that, too, and sold several lots from the estate, indicating that perhaps he had represented Easter's interest in Tom's probate fiasco.
Sometime or other, Barker filed an accounting. No date shows on the copy that Barry's clerk provided in 1986. The handwriting on the large sheet is sloppy and, as usual, the lawyers tried to confuse things with Latin gibberish. Here is an approximate text:

J.M. Barker Public administrator and ex officio adm. [the phrase could be read "Referee adm."] of the Estate of Thos. [initial illegible] Philips deceased Debanas [dedimus?] now [?] Fist [first?] annual [annul] Settlement.
Amount of bill of appraisement
[apparent erasure] $448.50
Amount of sale bill 409.95
______
409.95
amt added. 17.05
______
425.00
131.67
______
Ballance due 293.33

To amt allowed Jno Smith
previous admt per Voucher No. 1. $41.43
" Paid J.M. Barker aty fees No.2 25.00
Cash paid V.M. Parker
Voucher No. 3 1.00
Cash paid Jackson Voucher No. 4 .50
Cash " Wm Hulbert " No. 5 3.50
Cash " Wm Medline " No. 6 .50
Cash " Wm Gardner " No. 7 1.00
Cash " John Medlin " No. 8 1.00
Cash " Wm Johnson " No. 9 1.00
Cash " H.G. Anderson " No. 10 1.00
Cash " D.P. Parker " No. 11 1.00
Cash " J.N. Fly Sheriff " No. 12 52.41
Cash " J.N. fly " " No. 13 1.33
Cash " A. G. Anderson " No. 14 1.00
_____
131.67

In May 1857, the court ordered Barker to pay Mary the proceeds from the sale of the estate's personal property.
But on May 1, 1858, Mary was back in court to get Barker to give her the money that he'd been ordered to give her a year before.
Finally, the next day, all sides agreed on a settlement and, looking back from nearly 150 years later, it was a surprising settlement indeed:

"It is agreed between the administrator of the said estate and Mary Phillips who claims under the will of said Phillips that said adm make his settlement at the May term of said court for the year 1858 & said estate be eaqually divided between Martha Phillips and said Mary Phillips and the children of said Thomas H. Phillips whose names are John Phillips, Isaac Phillips, Elizabeth Arbuckle, Martha Arbuckle, Easter Feaster, Green berry Phillips, Annanius Phillips, Ebenezer Phillips, Mary Phillips and Malinda Phillips in eaqual portions & that the of the suit [as it reads] contesting the validity of [word illegible] will be paid out of the estate.
Mary Phillips
By B.L. Hendrick her att.
J.M. Barker for
others [?]
Obviously the settlement left many questions: Who besides the former Martha Pitts could have been "Martha Phillips"? Why wasn't she referred to as "Martha Stagg"? Did the court know she'd died? Would it have mattered? Was she entitled to share in her late ex-husband's estate, even after remarrying? Did Tom's children in Indiana split their deceased mother's share, too, and get more than those in Missouri? Or perhaps had Tom married another woman named Martha before he married Mary? And who intervened, who told the court about Tom's children in Indiana?
On May 18, 1858, Malinda and Amos Phillips, "minor heirs of Thomas H.," went before the court over in Greene County and chose Lindsay Nichols as their guardian. This didn't necessarily mean that Mary lost custody of the children. Old-time courts, in those days when women had few rights, usually tried to make sure fatherless children had an adult male looking out for their interests. Lindsay seems to have been a justice of the peace for a time. He had been born about 1822 in Tennessee. Obviously, he could have been a relative, especially with Mary having entrusted him with some of Tom's money for "safekeeping." (There was a Martha Phillips in Barry, but she hardly seems a factor. She'd been born Martha Smith. Husband James Phillips had died in Barry.)
On May 25, 1858, Barker filed his final settlement, a "liability of $520.20," and the court told him to "pay said amount in equal parts to Martha Philips and Mary Philips and the children" of Thomas H. Phillips.
A text of the final settlement, the left side of which is omitted from my copy:

Final Settlent of the county of Barry, and adm. debonaus [dedimus?] now [?] [illegible] Barker Public administrator of the Estate of Thomas H. Philips Decd. [illegible] with said estate, Dt [Debit?]
[illegible] of sale Bill that
[illegible] in to my hands
in notes 353.02 1/2
[illegible] cash received
[illegible] former adm. 270.19
______
[line blank] 103.01
520.20 1/2

[on the "Cr." side]
Amount of former settlement
Brought forward $131.69
[Above item marked out but included in calculations]
J.R. Ch --- [?]
Cash paid for aty fee & cases
in the circuit Court 15.00
Commission $623.21 1/2 31.16
For advertising final settlement 2.50
Clerk fees & Sheriffs fees
& pro Juge
in contesting the will 10.43
Probate Judge's fees 1.40
Administrative fees 30.00
Cash paid Sheriff of Greene Co.
per Receipt No. 1 10.00
_______
$232.18
Cash paid W.H. Graves For
advertising Letters of Adm. 2.50
_______
234.68
131.69
_______
103.01
[page 2]
J.M. Barker administrator of the Estate of Thomas H. Philips decd In account with said Estate, Final Settlement
Amount of Inventory 416.10
Amount of Sale Bill 425.00
______
841.10
[line blank] 321.67
______
Ballance due the Estate $519.43
[blank or off page's Xerox] 30.00
______
479.43
[on the "Cr." side]
Amount former settlement
brought forward 131.69
Cash paid J.R. Ch--- atty fees
2 cases in the circuit court 15.00
For advertising final settlement 2.50
Cash paid Sheriff of Green Co. 10.00
Cash paid Sheriff & Clerk in
contesting the validity of
the will & Probate Judge 10.43
Probate Judge fees
in Probate Court 1.40
Commission on $841.10 42.05
Cash paid W.H. Graves for advis-
ing letters of admo- 2.50
______
215.57
Crdt by Amt not collected 106.10
______
321.67
Adm. fees 30.00
______
351.67

Barker's commission on the $841 was 5 percent. Adding in the $30 administrative fee, he got about 8 percent.
In 1860 the census taker recorded the following household in Center township of Greene County: Mary Phillips, 62; Amos, 16; N. Mason, 25; Malinda Mason, 22; and Buchanan Mason, two months. "N. Mason" was Nathanial Mason, Malinda's new husband. He and Amos gave their occupations as farmers.
In an oddity, Washington Arbuckle, one of Tom's grandsons from Indiana, lived in Flat Creek township of Barry County in 1900 with his family. He eventually returned to Indiana. In what probably was another coincidence, James Wendell ("Welly") Phillips, grandson of Indiana-raised John T. Phillips, moved to Joplin, Missouri, about 1916. Some of his descendants live in or near Aurora, as do some descendants of the children Tom took to Missouri.
In the late 1970s, John Stagg's name was among those engraved on a plaque affixed to the courthouse in Vernon, Indiana, to honor the county's Revolutionary War veterans. (Descendants of John T. Phillips will note also that their apparent ancestor Michael Courtney is likewise honored on the plaque.)
A list of children born to Tom and Martha: Elizabeth in 1817, John T. in 1819, Easter about 1820, a son who died young, Isaac in 1826, Green Berry in 1828 and Martha in 1829.
Those children born to Tom after leaving Martha: Annanias in 1830, Ebenezer in 1832, Mary Jane in 1836, Malinda in 1838 and perhaps Amos in 1844.
Elizabeth, John, Martha and Isaac grew up in Indiana, the others in Missouri.
Tom's descendants in the Civil War included sons Green and Ebenezer, and grandsons Francis Arbuckle, James Harvey Phillips and William Riley Phillips on the Union side, and James and Levi Feaster on the Confederate side.

TOM'S FARM
The U.S. Geological Survey map made in 1956 and revised in 1975 shows that to reach Tom's old farm in Greene County you would:
Drive east on route 160 to downtown Ash Grove. In the center of town, turn right and go due south across the railroad tracks and out of town. After three and one-half miles, look to your left. Tom's land, which doesn't run flush up to the road, would start a few hundred feet away from the road. About this time you'll cross a steam called "Mathew Brown Branch." Continue about three-fourths of a mile along this same road, until it turns sharply to your left and goes east toward Bois D'Arc. You may see signs for Stony Point Church or Scott Spring. Follow the road to your left and after a few hundred yards you'll see a road going off to the right (it goes to Johns Chapel Church). Do not turn on this road. This road marks the beginning of Tom's front footage on the main road. In other words, Tom's land begins on your left, just as you see the road on right. (The road to Johns Chapel follows the section line, in other words; the road out of Ash Grove was off a bit from the section line). The 1956 map shows that Tom's land would begin where the trees begin. In other words, as of 1956, Tom's land began where some farmer had left a stand of trees as a windbreak. Of course this might have changed by now. Continue east on the same road (the one out of Ash Grove) until you see a paved road going off to the right. Pass this road and continue on a very short ways, perhaps only 100 feet, and you should see a dirt road going off to the left. Perhaps this was the road to Tom's house. The 1956 map shows two dwellings on this property, one not far up the dirt road on the right, and another at the end of the dirt road several hundred yards off. Tom's land continues to front the main road to Bois D'Arc for another few hundred yards.
Bois D'Arc was Tom's post office. If he went to church, he probably went to Johns Chapel, which is just one-half miles south of the road you were on. Tom's son Ebenezer and his family are buried at Johns Chapel. If you had time, you might want to look for Ebenezer's grave, which might have a Union War Veteran's marker on it.
Tom's parents remain unidentified. Old Philemon's son James is said to have settled in Virginia. Ezekiel remains a possible father, or grandfather. We know little about him.

MOUNT PISGAH CHURCH
On July 21, 1818, pioneer Hoosiers began circulating a subscription for the building of a log church. Adam Troutman agreed to deed at least an acre near Raccoon Creek as a site. Giving money were G. Campbell, James Lining, Robert Smith, Milton Robertson, Joshua Deputy, Alex B. Wilson, Thomas Ammons, Samuel Hutchison, Patrick Wilson, Thomas Gasaway, John Gudgel, Sam White, Thomas Jackson, R. Whitwood, Lewis Black, W.C. Wilson, Ezekiel Phillips, John Phillips, Aben Tebbetts, Andrew Wilson, James Blankenship, C. Cordrey, Benj. Ramsey, William Whitedresson, A. Chitwood, Joshua Tull, Joseph Wiley, Geo. Wilson, Contrey, Evan Thomas, Henry Dixon, William D. Wilson and Moses Wilson.
Wilson family records show that Patrick Willson and Andrew Willson plastered the logs on the inside for $30 and that Patrick Willson and brother Alexander built the fireplace. The little structure was ready by that November 5 and was called Pisgah Church. It was on a hill, and one circuit rider noted that it looked like Mount Pisgah. Members decided to add the word to the name.
In 1832, members replaced the log church with a frame church somewhat down the hill. In 1852-53, a brick replacement was built. On Sunday July 26, 1953, members celebrated the structure's centennial. It's two miles southeast of Deputy, in Jefferson County. It overlooks the monument to John Craig Wilson.

Andrew Pitts' experiences, although slightly earlier than Tom's, give an idea of the hardships involved in settling in early-day Indiana. Here's an excerpt from The Early History of Washington County With special Reference to Its Early School History and Pioneer Lives by Forrest Wayne Davis: "Andrew Pitts was a native of Chatham County, North Carolina. In March 1809 he decided to go to Indiana Territory, and with his family traveled six weeks through the wilderness until they finally made camp on the banks of the Ohio, opposite where Jeffersonville now stands. The next day they crossed the Ohio River on a flatboat and started north to Rice's Lick, then the center of civilization in the country. They went to the home of William Lindley,, which was later called the William Penn Trueblood Place, and Lindley was the son-in-law of Andrew Pitts. Here they remained in the little cabin of Lindley's until Pitts could purchase a piece of land and build himself a cabin. He bought land to the east of where Salem was laid out, put a tent thereon for some time, then erected his cabin and lived on until his death. The tent which he first erected was large as there were 10 in the family, but they enjoyed themselves, although bothered at night very much by the howling of the wolves and other wild animals. All breadstuff had to be brought from the falls of the Ohio and for many days at a time the settlers lived upon the game of the forest. Flax did not grow well at first and Pitts had to make trips down to the falls clothing, leaving the family alone for those trips. In 1810 one trip was made and Pitts brought back cotton, which the wife and daughters soon spun and wove into cloth for clothing. The Indians also made frequent raids on the settlers, but the worst one was at the time Andrew was called back to North Carolina. This was the Pigeon Roost Massacre and word was sent out that the settlers must do the best they could. The wife took her children and hid in the cliffs near the salt works until it was reported that all was clear. Pitts was overjoyed finding all safe when he returned. Pitts died February 2, 1845 and was buried in the old Blue River cemetery northeast of Salem." (Pitts bought land in Harrison County from the Land Office in Jeffersonville in 1810. During the massacre, on September 3, 1812, the Shawnees killed about 12 settlers in what is now Scott County.) Could Tom have gone to Indiana because of the Pitts' in-laws? It's possible. It's a long shot. An 1884 atlas of Jennings County shows that a John A. Pitts owned land in Commiskey, plus a tract west of town. But 1884 was a long way from 1826.

13 pages as is, 20 if i go to 12 point.
by putting in paragraph indents, it became 15 pages.

FamilySearch says Lindsey Nichols was born April 6, 1818 in Tennessee or North Carolina, married Louisa Redfeard on November 14, 1844 in Greene County. He's said to have died February 6, 1894 and was buried in Johns Chapel Cemetery.

comments

2007-10-21T18:40:00.000-07:00

Margy died in 1891, about four years after her husband. She was about 55. (From Ardath Blue)

I can't remember where I read about Margy's death, but I think in a newspaper archive. I don't believe I have a copy of it, tho, so probably found the item pre-internet days - at the library where I didn't make a copy of every item. As I recall, Margy was hit on the head with a rock by a "deranged" relative in the barnyard of her home. I tried to find out who did it but no luck. But I believe her mother-in-law ended up in a mental institute, so perhaps it was she who did the deed. I don't think I've been in touch with any of Margy's Peacock descendants. (From Sue)

I notice you mentioned Barbara Earhart in your notes about the Bovard diary. Nancy Dostal and I were wondering who she was and I think I have tracked her down. I checked the 1870 Alpha, Scott Co. census and there was a John Earhart with wife named Barbara. John was 35 and Barbara 30. They were living next door to Ambrose Hoard. Ambrose had a daughter, Barbara, born 1839, so it appears Barbara Earhart was his daughter. Ambrose was married to Catherine Landon. Catherine was the daughter of William Landon and Barbara Waldsmith and Barbara was the Aunt of Jane Waldsmith Young, the mother of Sarah Bovard. In the diary Sarah sometimes mentioned the Hoard's.

Tight knit little community with all the related families and intermarriages. John W. Earhart was the son of George W. Earhart who was married to Elizabeth Whitsett. Elizabeth was the niece of Nancy Jane Whitsett who married Newton Elsbury Phillips after his first wife died. His first wife was Hannah Jane Foster, d/o Robert Foster and Catherine Waldsmith, aunt of Sarah Bovard. Gets complicated doesn't it? (From Ardath)

Sandy Zarella apparently had the original diary. After hearing that Sandy Zarella died, I wrote to her husband, asking him who the diary would be entrusted to, but I never did hear back. Maybe someday we will learn what became of it.

2007-02-12T18:17:00.000-08:00

James Bovard spent the winter of 1885 in Los Angeles, apparently with one of his sons. (This was reported in an Indiana newspaper.)

from bob haefner

2007-01-03T10:32:00.000-08:00

You mentioned that Sarah and James moved

Other than the 1880s plat map you you have sent.... do you know the
location of the first home???
I suspect it was on the same property.... ( and can make the comments
in
her diary fit it it) do you have another thought on this...?

I did confirm to my satisfaction that the Franklin neighborhood
(Franklin School House) and the Alpha neighborhood
are the same.. (The Alpha Baptist Church came later...after Sarah
passed
away)

The Franklin School house was within the SE quarter of Section 3 4N 7E,

(ifavor the property once owned byGeorge Knight Hester and Renee is
wife. The 40A at SWSE 40 acres section 3 T4N R7E adjacent to
Ambrose Hoard...almost at the 4 corners of sections 3and 2 over 10 and
11 )

The Gilead Neighborhood is harder to pin down... but may be the
Franklin Alpha neighborhood several options..

In SE quarter of Section 11 on the map you sent. Just below the Maria
Young 80 Acres

Mt Gilead Ln, Deputy, IN 47230
Link:

Samantha's wedding

2007-01-03T10:27:00.000-08:00

Milton S. Roseberry married Sementha Buckingham 16 Aug, 1846, in
Jefferson county, IN
(also in some searches Samantha and
Cemantha)
These two would have been cousins to the children of
Julia Ann Waldsmith and Samuel Roseberry's children.